Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and risk of asthma and asthma-like symptoms in postmenopausal women
| Predictors |
Asthma (n=188) |
Wheezing (n=718) | Cough at exertion (n=433) | Asthma medication (n=182) |
| Age (per 1 year) | 1.01 (0.99 to 1.03) | 0.99 (0.98 to 1.01) | 0.99 (0.99 to 1.01) | 1.02 (0.99 to 1.04) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | ||||
| <20 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| 20–25 | 1.02 (0.72 to 1.42) | 1.59 (1.31 to 1.93) | 1.17 (0.93 to 1.47) | 0.94 (0.67 to 1.32) |
| >25 | 0.95 (0.61 to 1.47) | 2.13 (1.67 to 2.71) | 1.12 (0.83 to 1.51) | 0.87 (0.55 to 1.36) |
| Familial disposition to asthma (yes) | 3.16 (2.32 to 4.29) | 1.51 (1.24 to 1.84) | 1.21 (0.96 to 1.54) | 2.10 (1.53 to 2.89) |
| Education (years) | ||||
| >10 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| 7–10 | 1.22 (0.82 to 1.80) | 1.58 (1.27 to 1.97) | 1.59 (1.22 to 2.06) | 1.53 (1.03 to 2.28) |
| <7 | 1.26 (0.82 to 1.94) | 1.34 (1.04 to 1.71) | 1.17 (0.86 to 1.60) | 1.37 (0.87 to 2.16) |
| Smoking: | ||||
| Never smoker | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Ex-smoker | 2.16 (1.39 to 3.36) | 1.79 (1.37 to 2.32) | 1.56 (1.14 to 2.14) | 1.89 (1.21 to 2.97) |
| Current smoker | 1.99 (1.32 to 3.00) | 4.26 (3.39 to 5.35) | 2.51 (1.91 to 3.29) | 2.06 (1.37 to 3.09) |
| HRT | ||||
| No | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Yes | 1.42 (0.95 to 2.12) | 1.29 (1.02 to 1.64) | 1.34 (1.01 to 1.77) | 1.45 (0.97 to 2.18) |
Odds ratios derived from multiple logistic regression with 95% CI in parentheses.