Association (odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI)) between frequency of winter consumption of citrus/kiwi fruit (at least once a week versus less than once a week) with wheeze (past 12 months)
| Cross sectional study | Follow up study | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| <1/week | ⩾1–2/week | <1/week | ⩾1–2/week | |||||
| % | OR | % | OR (95% CI) | % | OR | % | OR (95% CI) | |
| All | 10.1 | 1.0 | 7.2 | 0.73 (0.63 to 0.83) | 9.4 | 1.0 | 5.2 | 0.55 (0.40 to 0.77) |
| Sex | ||||||||
| Male | 11.4 | 1.0 | 8.5 | 0.74 (0.62 to 0.89) | 11.6 | 1.0 | 6.2 | 0.54 (0.36 to 0.84) |
| Female | 8.1 | 1.0 | 5.8 | 0.70 (0.56 to 0.89) | 7.1 | 1.0 | 4.1 | 0.53 (0.31 to 0.94) |
| Parental asthma | ||||||||
| No | 8.0 | 1.0 | 5.9 | 0.75 (0.63 to 0.89) | 7.4 | 1.0 | 3.9 | 0.53 (0.35 to 0.80) |
| Yes | 19.7 | 1.0 | 14.7 | 0.72 (0.55 to 0.96) | 18.6 | 1.0 | 10.8 | 0.53 (0.29 to 0.96) |
| Personal history of asthma | ||||||||
| No | 4.7 | 1.0 | 3.9 | 0.86 (0.69 to 1.06) | 3.9 | 1.0 | 2.5 | 0.67 (0.40 to 1.14) |
| Yes | 52.1 | 1.0 | 41.9 | 0.62 (0.48 to 0.82) | 47.1 | 1.0 | 29.3 | 0.46 (0.27 to 0.81) |
Odds ratios adjusted for sex, study area, father's education, household density, maternal and paternal smoking, dampness or mould, and parental asthma.