Descriptive characteristics (%) of the children participating in the cross sectional study and in the follow up study by citrus/kiwi fruit consumption (Italy, 1995–1996)
| Variable | Cross sectional study | Follow up study | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| <1/week (2706) | 1–2/week (4537) | 3–4/week (6485) | 5–7/week (4707) | Total (n=18 737) | <1/week (530) | 1–2/week (982) | 3–4/week (1469) | 5–7/week (1040) | Total (n=4104) | ||
| Male sex | 56.1 | 51.0 | 49.7 | 52.1 | 51.6 | 52.3 | 49.7 | 50.8 | 52.7 | 51.2 | |
| Area of residence | |||||||||||
| Metropolitan | 43.6 | 47.5 | 48.5 | 52.0 | 48.4 | 72.8 | 71.4 | 72.9 | 79.4 | 74.2 | |
| Urban | 19.1 | 19.1 | 19.5 | 18.3 | 19.1 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Rural/urban | 37.2 | 33.4 | 32.0 | 29.7 | 32.5 | 27.2 | 28.6 | 27.1 | 20.6 | 25.8 | |
| Father's education | |||||||||||
| Primary school | 14.9 | 13.3 | 11.5 | 10.3 | 12.2 | 13.0 | 10.3 | 9.5 | 8.9 | 10.0 | |
| Middle school | 41.2 | 40.1 | 38.7 | 34.1 | 38.2 | 37.7 | 39.0 | 38.1 | 31.5 | 36.7 | |
| High school | 31.0 | 31.4 | 32.9 | 33.5 | 32.2 | 36.8 | 35.4 | 36.0 | 36.4 | 35.8 | |
| University | 10.0 | 12.5 | 13.8 | 19.5 | 14.3 | 9.8 | 12.9 | 14.0 | 20.5 | 14.7 | |
| Maternal smoking | |||||||||||
| Never | 42.2 | 44.5 | 45.4 | 46.4 | 44.9 | 37.7 | 44.6 | 41.7 | 43.6 | 42.4 | |
| Ex-smoker | 18.3 | 18.4 | 19.1 | 19.4 | 18.8 | 16.0 | 17.1 | 18.5 | 18.7 | 17.8 | |
| Current smoker | 36.9 | 34.4 | 33.1 | 31.9 | 33.6 | 43.8 | 35.1 | 36.7 | 34.9 | 36.7 | |
| Paternal smoking | |||||||||||
| Never | 28.0 | 28.1 | 28.6 | 30.1 | 28.7 | 25.1 | 28.7 | 27.2 | 27.9 | 27.5 | |
| Ex-smoker | 22.4 | 23.0 | 23.8 | 24.1 | 23.3 | 21.3 | 24.1 | 22.3 | 22.8 | 22.7 | |
| Current smoker | 45.5 | 45.2 | 43.7 | 42.4 | 44.0 | 50.8 | 44.1 | 46.1 | 45.8 | 46.0 | |
| Dampness or mould in the bedroom | 8.1 | 7.8 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.9 | 5.1 | 4.3 | 4.4 | 4.3 | 4.5 | |
| Parental asthma | 15.4 | 13.5 | 14.9 | 15.2 | 14.7 | 18.03 | 15.04 | 17.02 | 17.00 | 16.08 | |
| Child ever had asthma | 10.6 | 8.2 | 8.3 | 8.4 | 8.6 | 12.8 | 9.3 | 9.7 | 10.5 | 10.2 | |
| Child uses extra table salt | 5.3 | 4.3 | 3.9 | 4.5 | 4.3 | 2.6 | 2.1 | 1.8 | 2.8 | 2.3 | |
The totals in the individual columns do not add up to the final totals because of missing values.