Series years (reference) | No of patients | No of PAVMS | Mortality | Complications | Mean R-L shunt pre-post Rx | Residual R-L shunt | Follow up (years) | Complications during follow up | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pleurisy | Paradoxical embolism | Balloon deflation | Other | ||||||||||||||
Embolisation | |||||||||||||||||
Baltimore-Yale series | |||||||||||||||||
1978–1980 (118) | 5 | 16 | 0 | 15% | 15% | 15% | — | — | — | <2 | 40% recur | ||||||
pre 1983 (72) | 10 | 58 | 0 | 20% | — | several | 10% ang | 44 to 24% | — | — | — | ||||||
1978–1987 (53) | 76 | 276 | 0 | 10% | 3% | 0% | 5% ang | — | — | — | — | ||||||
1991–1992 (117) | 35 | 96 | 0 | 7% | 1% | 6% | 6% ang | — | — | 1–10 | 1.3% recur | ||||||
1978–1995 (78)4-151 | 45 | 52 | 0 | 31% | 4% | — | 2% ang | — | 53%Δ | — | 15% recur, 4% CVA | ||||||
Hammersmith series | |||||||||||||||||
1984–1990 (82) | 16 | 79 | 0 | 13% | — | — | 1DVT | 28 to 13% | — | — | — | ||||||
1990–1995 (114) | 6 | 28 | 0 | 7% | 0% | — | 1DVT | — | — | — | 12% recur | ||||||
1987–1994 (75) | 53 | >200 | 0 | 9% | 2% | 3% | 3% ang | 23 to 9% | 60%© | <4 | 2% cerebral abscess | ||||||
Other series | |||||||||||||||||
pre 1991 (116) | 19 | 58 | 0 | 26% | 2% | — | nil | — | — | 10% recur | |||||||
1986–1991 (73) | 8 | 22 | 0 | 25% | 0% | — | 12% arryth | 25 to 13% | 100% | <2 | — | ||||||
1990–1995 (76) | 32 | 92 | 0 | 9% | 4% | 2% | 2% arryth | 17 to 7% | 19%® | mean 2 | 6% recur | ||||||
1989–1994 (77) | 12 | 20 | 0 | 36% | — | — | nil | — | 73%™ | — | — | ||||||
1994–1998 (87) | 7 | 14 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 57% recur | |||||||
Surgery | |||||||||||||||||
1897–1953 (58) | 140 | — | 5% | — | — | 1 out of 3 recur | |||||||||||
1952–1967 (56) | 16 | — | — | — | 1–15 | — | |||||||||||
pre 1958 (50) | 239 | 212 | 5% | Minimal data reported | — | — | prog SOB | ||||||||||
pre 1963 (71)4-150 | 31 | 40 | 3% | 1 out of 3 | — | — | |||||||||||
1964–1992 (74) | ? | 12 | 0 | 1 out of 1 | — | — | |||||||||||
Mayo Clinic | |||||||||||||||||
1952–1966 (59) | 28 | — | 0 | — | 1–12 | 1 prog SOB, 1 CVA | |||||||||||
1952–1972 (52) | 36 | — | 0 | 3 out of 3 | 1–12 | 4 prog SOB, 1 CVA | |||||||||||
1973–1984 (55) | 18 | — | 0 | 5 out of 10 | 1–12 | — |
DVT = deep venous thrombosis; ang = angina; arryth = arrhythmia; recur = recurrence; prog = progressive; SOB = shortness of breath; CVA = cerebrovascular accident.
↵4-150 Childhood series.
↵4-151 All lesions had feeding artery diameters of 8 mm or more.
Mean values for R-L shunt stated; residual shunt measured or indicated by ©99mTc scanning, ®100% inspired oxygen, ™contrast echocardiography and Δpersistent hypoxaemia as defined in reference42.