Recommended regimens for HIV positive patients with disease due to opportunist mycobacteria
| Regimen | Duration | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Pulmonary or disseminated disease: | |||
| M avium complex (MAC) | Rifampicin 450 or 600 mg orally once daily (or rifabutin 300 mg once daily), ethambutol 15 mg per kg orally once daily, and clarithromycin 500 mg orally b.d. | ||
| M kansasii | Lifelong | ||
| M malmoense | |||
| M xenopi | |||
| Prophylaxis against MAC: | |||
| 1st choice | Azithromycin 1200 mg orally weekly | Indefinitely | |
| 2nd choice | Clarithromycin 500 mg orally b.d. | Indefinitely | |
| 3rd choice | Azithromycin 1200 mg orally weekly | ||
| + | |||
| Rifabutin 300 mg orally once daily. | Indefinitely | ||
| Drug interactions in HIV positive patients: | |||
| Rifabutin + clarithromycin | Uveitis | ||
| Rifabutin + fluconazole | Greatly reduces fluconazole levels | ||
| Rifampicin } + protease | Decrease in serum level of protease inhibitors, increase in serum level of | ||
| Rifabutin inhibitors | rifampicin and rifabutin | ||