Studies with prevalence of depressive disorders
| Reference | No. of patients (% males) | Age (mean) | Recruitment of patients | Mean FEV1 | FEV1(%)3-c | No. of controls (% males) | Age (mean) | Recruitment of controls |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Engström24 | 68 (65%) | 65 | Outpatient pulmonary clinic | 39.9% | 89 (56%) | 63 | Subsample recruited by telephone from random sample of Göteborg citizens matched for age and sex distribution | |
| Isoaho25a | 82 (75%) | 72 | Community sample (Lieto residents born in or before 1926) | <66%3-d | 246 (74%) | Matched | Three matched subjects without respiratory symptoms for each patient from same community | |
| McSweeney26 | 203 (79%) | 66 | Patients enrolled in nocturnal oxygen treatment trial | 0.75 l/s | 73 (76%) | 65 | Healthy individuals matched3-e with subsample of patient group | |
| Prigatano27 | 89 (79%) | 61 | Patients enrolled in intermittent positive pressure breathing trial | 36% | 24 (84%) | 60 | Healthy individuals matchedf with subsample of patient group | |
| Toshima23 | 119 (73%) | 63 | Patients enrolled in rehabilitation programme | |||||
| Light28 | 45 (100%) | 63 | Outpatient pulmonary clinic | 29% | ||||
| Karajgi32b | 50 (62%) | 65 | Outpatient pulmonary clinic | |||||
| Gordon31 | 13 (100%) | 63 | Outpatient pulmonary clinic | 0.70 l/s | ||||
| Jones30 | 141 (65%) | 63 | Outpatient pulmonary clinic | 47% | ||||
| Yellowlees29 | 50 (64%) | 65 | Patients admitted with exacerbation | 1.1 l/s |
| Depression diagnosis (cut off score) | Methodology scoreg | Prevalence of depression | Post hoc power calculationh | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patients | Controls | ||||||||
| HAD (⩾11) | 5 | 7% | 1% (NS) | 51% | |||||
| Zung SDS (⩾45) | 5 | 28% | 19% (NS) | 40% | |||||
| MMPI | 3 | 42% | 9% (p<0.05) | 99% | |||||
| MMPI | 3 | tscore 70 | t score 59 (p<0.05) | ||||||
| CES-D (⩾19) | 3 | 29.4% | |||||||
| BDI (⩾15) | 3 | 42% | |||||||
| SCI/DSM III-R | 3 | 6% (major) | |||||||
| BDI (⩾15), Zung SDS (>44) | 2 | BDI 31% (mild) SDS 8% | |||||||
| HAD (⩾8) | 2 | 29% | |||||||
| Interview (DSM-III) | 2 | 12% | |||||||
3-a For each subject the FEV1/FVC value was determined, no clinical diagnosis of COPD was established.
3-b No FEV1 value given, though a clinical diagnosis and chronic irreversible airflow obstruction is described.
↵3-c FEV1 expressed as % of predicted value.
↵3-d FEV1/FVC expressed as % of predicted value.
↵3-e Matched for age, sex, race, education, and socioeconomic status.
fMatched for age, sex and education.
gRange 0–6.
hPost hoc power calculated using the nQuery Advisor program (second version), given α = 0.05, using a two tailed test.