Cross sectional association between FEV (ml) and the combined intake of antioxidants, fruit, and vegetables in middle aged men in Finland, Italy, and The Netherlands
| Difference in FEV (ml) between men with intake above versus below the median intake | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vitamin C β (95% CI) | Vitamin E β (95% CI) | β-carotene β (95% CI) | All three antioxidants4-150 β (95% CI) | Fruit β (95% CI) | Vegetables β (95% CI) | Both foods4-151 β (95% CI) | |
| Finland | |||||||
| Median intake | 87 mg | 6.4 mg | 1.37 mg | 117 g | 65 g | ||
| Above/below median (n) | 624/624 | 624/624 | 624/624 | 284/280 | 624/624 | 622/626 | 375/377 |
| Model a | 96 (23 to 169) | 132 (58 to 205) | 59 (−14 to 132) | 206 (96 to 315) | 117 (44 to 190) | 48 (−25 to 121) | 130 (38 to 220) |
| Model b | 83 (10 to 157) | 125 (53 to 198) | 40 (−33 to 112) | 181 (71 to 291) | 113 (33 to 193) | 27 (−46 to 100) | 110 (11 to 210) |
| Model c | 5 (−76 to 85) | 23 (−67 to 112) | 6 (−67 to 79) | 48 (−110 to 197) | 77 (−4 to 158) | −10 (−83 to 64) | 53 (−50 to 156) |
| Italy | |||||||
| Median intake | 42 mg | 9.4 mg | 0.65 mg | 150 g | 42 g | ||
| Above/below median (n) | 692/694 | 678/678 | 678/678 | 380/362 | 657/729 | 691/695 | 278/316 |
| Model a | 63 (−7 to 133) | 34 (−40 to 108) | 45 (−26 to 117) | 63 (−48 to 174) | 125 (44 to 206) | 84 (11 to 157) | 194 (83 to 305) |
| Model b | 58 (−11 to 128) | 34 (−40 to 108) | 52 (−20 to 123) | 61 (−51 to 173) | 121 (40 to 202) | 70 (−3 to 143) | 169 (56 to 281) |
| Model c | 10 (−61 to 81) | −62 (−143 to 18) | 24 (−47 to 96) | −35 (−158 to 871) | 95 (14 to 176) | 48 (−24 to 121) | 118 (4 to 232) |
| The Netherlands | |||||||
| Median intake | 87 mg | 17.6 mg | 1.07 mg | 131 g | 165 g | ||
| Above/below median (n) | 344/347 | 345/346 | 345/346 | 110/116 | 344/347 | 340/351 | 189/196 |
| Model a | 9 (−80 to 97) | −67 (−155 to 22) | 138 (50 to 227) | 95 (−59 to 249) | 45 (−43 to 134) | 97 (9 to 185) | 131 (18 to 244) |
| Model b | 9 (−79 to 96) | −60 (−147 to 28) | 138 (51 to 225) | 108 (−42 to 257) | 28 (−59 to 116) | 84 (−3 to 172) | 111 (−3 to 224) |
| Model c | 7 (−81 to 94) | −92 (−189 to 5) | 136 (49 to 224) | 58 (−116 to 233) | 29 (−59 to 117) | 83 (−4 to 170) | 110 (−4 to 224) |
↵4-150 Comparing men with intake of all three antioxidants above the median with those in whom the intake of all three antioxidants was below the median.
↵4-151 Comparing men with intake of both fruit and vegetables above the median with those in whom the intake of both foods was below the median.
Model a: adjusted for height and age.
Model b: adjusted for height, age, smoking, body mass index (BMI), and alcohol consumption.
Model c: adjusted for height, age, smoking, BMI, alcohol consumption, and energy intake.