Cross sectional association between FEV (ml) and the combined intake of antioxidants, fruit, and vegetables in middle aged men in Finland, Italy, and The Netherlands
Difference in FEV (ml) between men with intake above versus below the median intake | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Vitamin C β (95% CI) | Vitamin E β (95% CI) | β-carotene β (95% CI) | All three antioxidants4-150 β (95% CI) | Fruit β (95% CI) | Vegetables β (95% CI) | Both foods4-151 β (95% CI) | |
Finland | |||||||
Median intake | 87 mg | 6.4 mg | 1.37 mg | 117 g | 65 g | ||
Above/below median (n) | 624/624 | 624/624 | 624/624 | 284/280 | 624/624 | 622/626 | 375/377 |
Model a | 96 (23 to 169) | 132 (58 to 205) | 59 (−14 to 132) | 206 (96 to 315) | 117 (44 to 190) | 48 (−25 to 121) | 130 (38 to 220) |
Model b | 83 (10 to 157) | 125 (53 to 198) | 40 (−33 to 112) | 181 (71 to 291) | 113 (33 to 193) | 27 (−46 to 100) | 110 (11 to 210) |
Model c | 5 (−76 to 85) | 23 (−67 to 112) | 6 (−67 to 79) | 48 (−110 to 197) | 77 (−4 to 158) | −10 (−83 to 64) | 53 (−50 to 156) |
Italy | |||||||
Median intake | 42 mg | 9.4 mg | 0.65 mg | 150 g | 42 g | ||
Above/below median (n) | 692/694 | 678/678 | 678/678 | 380/362 | 657/729 | 691/695 | 278/316 |
Model a | 63 (−7 to 133) | 34 (−40 to 108) | 45 (−26 to 117) | 63 (−48 to 174) | 125 (44 to 206) | 84 (11 to 157) | 194 (83 to 305) |
Model b | 58 (−11 to 128) | 34 (−40 to 108) | 52 (−20 to 123) | 61 (−51 to 173) | 121 (40 to 202) | 70 (−3 to 143) | 169 (56 to 281) |
Model c | 10 (−61 to 81) | −62 (−143 to 18) | 24 (−47 to 96) | −35 (−158 to 871) | 95 (14 to 176) | 48 (−24 to 121) | 118 (4 to 232) |
The Netherlands | |||||||
Median intake | 87 mg | 17.6 mg | 1.07 mg | 131 g | 165 g | ||
Above/below median (n) | 344/347 | 345/346 | 345/346 | 110/116 | 344/347 | 340/351 | 189/196 |
Model a | 9 (−80 to 97) | −67 (−155 to 22) | 138 (50 to 227) | 95 (−59 to 249) | 45 (−43 to 134) | 97 (9 to 185) | 131 (18 to 244) |
Model b | 9 (−79 to 96) | −60 (−147 to 28) | 138 (51 to 225) | 108 (−42 to 257) | 28 (−59 to 116) | 84 (−3 to 172) | 111 (−3 to 224) |
Model c | 7 (−81 to 94) | −92 (−189 to 5) | 136 (49 to 224) | 58 (−116 to 233) | 29 (−59 to 117) | 83 (−4 to 170) | 110 (−4 to 224) |
↵4-150 Comparing men with intake of all three antioxidants above the median with those in whom the intake of all three antioxidants was below the median.
↵4-151 Comparing men with intake of both fruit and vegetables above the median with those in whom the intake of both foods was below the median.
Model a: adjusted for height and age.
Model b: adjusted for height, age, smoking, body mass index (BMI), and alcohol consumption.
Model c: adjusted for height, age, smoking, BMI, alcohol consumption, and energy intake.