Reserve drugs: dosages and side effects
| Drug (once daily) | Children | Adults | Main side effects | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Streptomycin | 15 mg/kg | 15 mg/kg (max dose 1 g daily) | Tinnitus, ataxia, vertigo, renal impairment | ||
| Amikacin | 15 mg/kg | 15 mg/kg | As for streptomycin | ||
| Capreomycin | 15 mg/kg | As for streptomycin | |||
| Kanamycin | 15 mg/kg | As for streptomycin | |||
| Ethionamide or prothionamide | 15–20 mg/kg | <50 kg, 375 mg bd | Gastrointestinal; hepatitis; avoid in pregnancy | ||
| ⩾50 kg, 500 mg bd | |||||
| Cycloserine | 250–500 mg bd | Depression: fits | |||
| Ofloxacin | 400 mg bd | Abdominal distress, headache, tremulousness | |||
| Ciprofloxacin | 750 mg bd | As ofloxacin plus drug interactions | |||
| Azithromycin | 500 mg | Gastrointestinal upset | |||
| Clarithromycin | 500 mg bd | As for azithromycin | |||
| Rifabutin | 300–450 mg | As for rifampicin; uveitis can occur with drug interactions e.g. macrolides. Often cross resistance with rifampicin | |||
| Thiacetazone | 4 mg/kg | 150 mg | Gastrointestinal, vertigo, conjunctivitis, rash. AVOID if HIV positive (Stevens-Johnson syndrome) | ||
| Clofazimine | 300 mg | Headache, diarrhoea, red skin discolouration | |||
| PAS sodium | 300 mg/kg | 10 g om or 5 g bd | Gastrointestinal, hepatitis, fever, rash | ||