Region/country/city | Male (%) | Female (%) | Total (%) |
---|---|---|---|
10 countries in Africa18 | 29 | 10 | |
Northern Africa18 | 22 | 3 | |
Algeria18 | 34 | 9 | |
Egypt18 | 6 | 2 | |
Kuwait18 | 16 | 9 | |
Morocco18 | 32 | 0 | |
Tunisia19 | 37.0–56.61-150 | 7.3–18.81-150 | 24.1–37.11-150 |
Southern Africa18 | 14 | 4 | |
Benin18 | 13 | 0 | |
Kenya18 | 37 | 7 | |
Madagascar18 | 30 | 9 | |
Nairobi20 | 20 | 0 | |
Nigeria18 | 28 | 4 | |
Nigeria21 | 30 | 5 | |
Senegal18 | 31 | 19 | |
Middle East | |||
Bahrain22 | 27.5 | 2.3 | 0–45.51-150 |
Israel23 | 15.5–28.31-150 | ||
Israel24 | 18.4 | 12.5 | 16.1 |
Asia | |||
15 medical schools in 9 countries25 | 22–351-150 | 2–4.61-150 | 13–241-150 |
Hong Kong, China26 | 5 | ||
Hong Kong, China27 | 7.8 | ||
Shanghai, China28 | 21.45 | 1.81 | 3.59–21.591-150 |
Allahabad, India29 | 30.8 | ||
Vellore, India30 | 25.0 | ||
India31 | 30.7 | ||
5 medical schools in India32 | 9.6 | ||
Hiroshima, Japan33 | 45 | 0 | |
Tohoku, Japan33 | 49 | 6 | |
Kelantan, Malaysia34 | 9.0 | 0 | |
Malaysia35 | 17.3 | 0.8 | 10.0 |
Karachi, Pakistan36 | 17.0 | 4.0 | 11.0 |
Bangkok, Thailand37 | 17.6–24.2 | ||
Australia | |||
Melbourne38 | 10–111-150 | ||
Sydney33 | 10 | 7 | |
Sydney39 | 12.4–19.31-150 | 11.2–8.01-150 | 11.8–13.71-150 |
Europe | |||
14 countries40 | 22–35 | low | 29.6–38.4 |
Prague, Czech Republic41 | 18.0 | ||
Copenhagen, Denmark42 | 22 | ||
Ulm, Germany43 | 29.2 | 17.6 | 23.7 |
Germany44 | 21.0 | ||
8 schools in West Germany45 | 40.4 | ||
Szeged, Hungary46 | 20.9 | ||
Rotterdam, the Netherlands47 | 19 | 16 | 18.0 |
Groningen, the Netherlands48 | 31 | 23 | 26–30 |
Gdansk, Poland49 | 61.3 | ||
Zabrzu, Poland50 | 28.0 | ||
Barcelona, Spain51 | 25.7 | ||
Barcelona, Spain52 | 42.2 | 44.7 | |
Cordoba, Spain53 | 29.0 | 17.0 | 23.0 |
Galicia, Spain54 | 61.9 | ||
7 medical schools in Turkey55 | 35.0–56.91-150 | 12.8–34.91-150 | 23.9–45.91-150 |
Istanbul, Turkey56 | 43 | 27 | |
Istanbul, Turkey57 | 8.6–34.71-150 | ||
United Kingdom58 | 20.8–35.91-150 | 16.4–35.01-150 | 19.2–35.71-150 |
Newcastle upon Tyne, UK59 | 11.7 | 30.3 | |
13 medical schools in England, Scotland and Wales60 | 13 | 10 | 11 |
London, UK61 | 12 | 24 | |
London, UK62 | 17 | ||
Manchester, UK63 | 18 | 15 | 16–201-150 |
Belgrade, Yugoslavia64 | 31.0–36.4 | 24.1–35.1 | 26.5–35.51-150 |
Former USSR (CIS) | |||
Moscow, Russia33 | 61 | 35 | |
St Petersburg, Russia33 | 52 | 35 | |
Tartu, Estonia33 | 57 | 30 | |
9 medical institutes in Russia65 | 21.6 | ||
Tashkent, Russia66 | 17.7 | ||
South America | |||
Brazil67 | 14 | ||
Chile68 | 9 | 15 | |
Puerto Rico69 | 24–13.5 | 9.1–3.2 | 18.5–10.81-150 |
USA | |||
Study70 | 0 | 6 | |
Shreveport, Louisiana71 | 17.6 | ||
Worcester, Massachusetts72 | 4.8 | ||
A mid-Atlantic private medical school, USA73 | 4.0 | ||
23 medical schools in USA74 | 10.00 | ||
13 medical schools in USA75 | 9 | ||
4 medical schools in USA76 | 4.1 | ||
8 medical schools in USA77 | 2.1 | 2.5 | |
Summary of papers from 42 countries and 51 medical schools16 17 | 2–48 | 0–22 |
↵1-150 From 1st (or early years) to final year medical school smoking prevalence rates.