Table 1

Daily smoking among medical students

Region/country/cityMale (%)Female (%)Total (%)
10 countries in Africa18 2910
Northern Africa18 223
 Algeria18 349
 Egypt18 62
 Kuwait18 169
 Morocco18 320
 Tunisia19 37.0–56.61-150 7.3–18.81-150 24.1–37.11-150
Southern Africa18 144
 Benin18 130
 Kenya18 377
 Madagascar18 309
 Nairobi20 200
 Nigeria18 284
 Nigeria21 305
 Senegal18 3119
Middle East
Bahrain22 27.52.30–45.51-150
 Israel23 15.5–28.31-150
 Israel24 18.412.516.1
Asia
15 medical schools in 9 countries25 22–351-150 2–4.61-150 13–241-150
 Hong Kong, China26 5
 Hong Kong, China27 7.8
 Shanghai, China28 21.451.813.59–21.591-150
 Allahabad, India29 30.8
 Vellore, India30 25.0
 India31 30.7
 5 medical schools in India32 9.6
 Hiroshima, Japan33 450
 Tohoku, Japan33 496
 Kelantan, Malaysia34 9.00
 Malaysia35 17.30.810.0
 Karachi, Pakistan36 17.04.011.0
 Bangkok, Thailand37 17.6–24.2
Australia
Melbourne38 10–111-150
 Sydney33 107
 Sydney39 12.4–19.31-150 11.2–8.01-150 11.8–13.71-150
Europe
14 countries40 22–35low29.6–38.4
 Prague, Czech Republic41 18.0
 Copenhagen, Denmark42 22
 Ulm, Germany43 29.217.623.7
 Germany44 21.0
 8 schools in West Germany45 40.4
 Szeged, Hungary46 20.9
 Rotterdam, the Netherlands47 191618.0
 Groningen, the Netherlands48 312326–30
 Gdansk, Poland49 61.3
 Zabrzu, Poland50 28.0
 Barcelona, Spain51 25.7
 Barcelona, Spain52 42.244.7
 Cordoba, Spain53 29.017.023.0
 Galicia, Spain54 61.9
 7 medical schools in Turkey55 35.0–56.91-150 12.8–34.91-150 23.9–45.91-150
 Istanbul, Turkey56 4327
 Istanbul, Turkey57 8.6–34.71-150
 United Kingdom58 20.8–35.91-150 16.4–35.01-150 19.2–35.71-150
 Newcastle upon Tyne, UK59 11.730.3
 13 medical schools in England, Scotland  and Wales60 131011
 London, UK61 1224
 London, UK62 17
 Manchester, UK63 181516–201-150
 Belgrade, Yugoslavia64 31.0–36.424.1–35.126.5–35.51-150
Former USSR (CIS)
Moscow, Russia33 6135
 St Petersburg, Russia33 5235
 Tartu, Estonia33 5730
 9 medical institutes in Russia65 21.6
 Tashkent, Russia66 17.7
South America
Brazil67 14
 Chile68 915
 Puerto Rico69 24–13.59.1–3.218.5–10.81-150
USA
Study70 06
 Shreveport, Louisiana71 17.6
 Worcester, Massachusetts72 4.8
 A mid-Atlantic private medical school,  USA73 4.0
 23 medical schools in USA74 10.00
 13 medical schools in USA75 9
 4 medical schools in USA76 4.1
 8 medical schools in USA77 2.12.5
Summary of papers from 42 countries and 51 medical schools16 17 2–480–22

  • ↵1-150 From 1st (or early years) to final year medical school smoking prevalence rates.