Mean (SD) treatment effects on daytime function
| Direction of improvement | Baseline | Placebo | CPAP | Treatment difference (CPAP—placebo) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | (95% CI) | p value | |||||||||
| Sleepiness | |||||||||||
| Mean sleep onset latency (min) | + | Not performed | 6.8 (4.3) | 9.2 (3.9) | +2.4 | (0.8 to 4.0) | <0.001 | ||||
| Epworth sleepiness score2-150 | − | 12.0 (4) | 12 (4) | 6 (3) | −6 | (−3 to −9) | 0.001 | ||||
| UMACL Energetic arousal | + | 21 (5) | 21 (4) | 22 (5) | +1 | (−1 to 4) | NS | ||||
| Symptoms | |||||||||||
| Symptom total2-151 | − | 5.1 (1.5) | 3.8 (1.3) | 2.2 (1.6) | −1.6 | (−2.2 to −1.0) | <0.001 | ||||
| Cognitive performance | |||||||||||
| SteerClear (obstacles hit)2-151 | − | 100 (63) | 71 (40) | 63 (27) | −8 | (−21 to 5) | NS | ||||
| TrailMaking B (s)2-151 | − | 84 (41) | 68 (32) | 69 (32) | +1 | (−7 to 9) | NS | ||||
| Digit symbol substitution | + | 48 (12) | 52 (14) | 52 (13) | 0 | (−2 to 2) | NS | ||||
| Block design | + | 29 (11) | 31 (8) | 33 (9) | +1 | (−1 to 3) | NS | ||||
| Performance IQ decrement | − | 6 (12) | 4 (11) | 3 (11) | −1 | (−3 to 2) | NS | ||||
| RVIP (correct) | + | 28 (10) | 35 (13) | 34 (15) | −1 | (−4 to 2) | NS | ||||
| 8-choice reaction time (ms) | − | 346 (57) | 325 (38) | 327 (46) | +2 | (−8 to 12) | NS | ||||
| 2 second PASAT | + | 31 (8) | 35 (11) | 37 (11) | +2 | (0 to 5) | NS | ||||
| Verbal fluency (total) | + | 39 (12) | 42 (11) | 41 (12) | −1 | (−4 to 2) | NS | ||||
| BVRT (correct)2-151 | + | 7.3 (2.3) | 7.7 (1.7) | 7.7 (1.5) | +0.1 | (−0.5 to 0.7) | NS | ||||
| Psychological well being | |||||||||||
| HADS anxiety2-151 | − | 8.3 (4.4) | 7.0 (4.5) | 7.0 (3.6) | 0.0 | (−1.4 to 1.4) | NS | ||||
| HADS depression2-151 | − | 5.7 (4.4) | 4.3 (3.8) | 3.9 (3.4) | −0.5 | (−1.8 to 0.8) | NS | ||||
| GHQ-282-151 | − | 6.6 (6.5) | 3.7 (6.1) | 5.0 (5.8) | +1.3 | (−1.5 to 4.1) | NS | ||||
| NHP Pt 22-151 | − | 8.0 (5.0) | 6.3 (5.7) | 5.8 (5.4) | −0.5 | (−2.5 to 1.5) | NS | ||||
NS = non-significant; UMACL = UWIST mood adjective checklist; RVIP = rapid visual information processing; PASAT = paced auditory serial addition test; BVRT = Benton visual retention test; HADS = Hospital anxiety and depression scale; GHQ-28 = General health questionnaire-28; NHP = Nottingham health profile.
↵2-150 First assessments compared.11
↵2-151 Mann-Whitney test.