Accuracy of clinical criteria and non-invasive and invasive diagnostic techniques for ventilator associated pneumonia stratified according to whether or not antibiotics were given during the last 48 hours before death
| Diagnostic method | Without antibiotics (n = 8) | With antibiotics (n = 17) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sensitivity % (n) | Specificity % (n) | Sensitivity % (n) | Specificity % (n) | ||||
| Clinical4-150 | 67 (4/6) | 0 (0/2) | 71 (5/7) | 90 (9/10) | |||
| TBA | 83 (5/6) | 100 (2/2) | 57 (4/7) | 90 (9/10) | |||
| Protected BAL | 17 (1/6) | 100 (2/2) | 57 (4/7) | 100 (10/10) | |||
| BAL | 67 (4/6) | 50 (1/2) | 86 (6/7) | 60 (6/10) | |||
| PSB | 83 (5/6) | 100 (2/2) | 43 (3/7) | 70 (7/10) | |||
| Any invasive | 83 (5/6) | 50 (1/2) | 86 (6/7) | 50 (5/10) | |||
| Any non-invasive or invasive | 83 (5/6) | 50 (1/2) | 86 (6/7) | 50 (5/10) | |||
↵4-150 Chest radiograph infiltrates plus two of the following: leucocytosis, purulent secretions, fever.
TBA = tracheobronchial aspirates; BAL = bronchoalveolar lavage; PSB = protected specimen brush.