Table 3

Effects of ETS exposure on flow measures from cross sectional studies in school aged children: studies not included in meta-analysis

Reference number			FVC				FEV₁				MEFR				EEFR		Exposure (refers to current smoking status unless specified)	Adjustments^3-153
Reference number			p value	b			SE	p value			b	SE			p value	b		Adjustments^3-153	SE	p value	b	SE
4	>0.05	n/a	n/a		>0.05	n/a	n/a		?>0.05	n/a	n/a					Only mother smokers vs not	Age, ht, sex, wt, fh
29					<0.0001	−1.27	n/a									Mother ⩾10/day vs mother non-smoker	Age, ht, sex, edu, area, season
30					>0.05	∼0	n/a									Either parent smokes vs neither	Age
31	0.05–0.01	1.1	n/a		>0.05	−0.1	n/a		0.05–0.01	−2.4	n/a		<0.01	−2.6	n/a	Both parents smoke vs neither parent smokes	Age, ht, sex
32					<0.01	−ve	n/a		?>0.05	n/a	n/a					Passive smoking (?) vs none	Age, ht, sex, wt, edu, area, gas, smok
33					<0.001	−2.4^3-151	n/a									Mother smokes vs nobody smokes	Age, sex
34					>0.05	n/a	n/a		<0.05	−ve	n/a		<0.05	−ve	n/a	Mother smokes vs not	Ethnic group
35					>0.05	+ve	n/a									2 smokers in home vs none	Age, sex, ht
36	>0.05	−ve	n/a		0.05–0.01	−ve	n/a		0.01–0.001	−ve	n/a					Maternal smoking vs none	Age, sex, ht, area
37	>0.05	−1.9	n/a		>0.05	−1.9	n/a		0.01–0.001	−6.2	n/a					Sharing a bedroom with an adult smoker vs not	Age, sex, ht, wt, school, edu, gas, asthma, fh
38	>0.05	+ve	n/a		>0.05	−ve	n/a		<0.05	−ve	n/a					At least one parent vs none	Age, race, sex
39	<0.001	−ve	n/a		>0.05	−ve	n/a		<0.001	−ve	n/a					Household exposure vs none	Unclear
40	>0.05	n/a	n/a		>0.05	n/a	n/a									2 vs 1 vs 0 parents smoke	Age, ht, wt, sex, many others
41^3-152	>0.05	n/a	n/a		>0.05	n/a	n/a		>0.05	n/a	n/a		>0.05	n/a	n/a	Either parent smokes vs neither	Age, sex, ht, wt, area, coal stoves
42	>0.05	n/a	n/a		>0.05	n/a	n/a									Both parents smoke vs none	Age, wheeze
43					>0.05	n/a	n/a		0.007	n/a	n/a					Maternal smoking (10 cigs/day) vs none	Age, sex, ht, wt
44	0.638	−ve	n/a		0.051	−ve	n/a		0.003	−ve	n/a		0.040	−ve	n/a	Maternal smoking (cigs/day)	Age, sex, ht, wt, bwt, area, edu, gas
45													0.001	−6.6	n/a	Maternal smoker vs non	Age, sex, ht, area
46^3-150	N/a	n/a	n/a		n/a	n/a	n/a		n/a	n/a	n/a		n/a	n/a	n/a	Passive smoking (?) vs not	Age, sex, possibly ht, wt
47					>0.05	n/a	n/a		>0.05	n/a	n/a					ETS—yes vs no	Age,sex,ht,wt

↵3-150 Boys only presented in whom a reduced pulmonary function was seen if ETS exposed.
↵3-151 ETS effect of –2.4% was for FEV₁/FVC.
↵3-152 Likely that few mothers smoked. Analyses were carried out separately by area and sex and cooking method.
↵3-153 Abbreviations: ht = height, wt = weight, fh = family history of asthma or allergy, edu = education of parents, gas = gas cooking, bwt = birth weight