Activators of NF-κB
| Cytokines |
|---|
| Tumour necrosis factor α and tumour necrosis factor β |
| Interleukin-1β |
| Interleukin-2 |
| Interleukin-6 |
| Interleukin-8 |
| Protein kinase C activators |
| Phorbol esters |
| Platelet activating factor |
| Oxidants |
| Hydrogen peroxide |
| Ozone |
| Hyperoxia |
| Growth factors |
| GM-CSC |
| G-CSF |
| M-CSF |
| Bacteria and viruses |
| Mycobacteria tuberculi |
| Rhinovirus |
| Influenzavirus |
| Adenovirus |
| Allergens |
| Der p 1 |
| Immunoreceptors |
| T cell receptor |
| MHC class I and II |
| IL-2 receptor |
| Others |
| Lipopolysaccharide |
| Ultraviolet radiation |
| Hypoxia |
| Leukotriene B4 |
| f-Met-Leu-Phe (f-MLP) |