Mild to severe | Very severe | |
---|---|---|
Blood gases | ||
Paco 2 | Hypercapnia | Hypercapnia |
Pao 2 | Mild hypoxaemia | Severe hypoxaemia |
Renal function | ||
ERPF | Reduced | Severely reduced |
FF | Increased | Markedly increased |
GFR | Normal | Reduced |
Water excretion | Impaired | Markedly impaired |
Na+excretion | Impaired | Impaired |
Hormones | ||
Catecholamines | Increased | Markedly increased |
PRA | Normal or increased | Increased |
PA | Normal or increased | Increased |
AVP | Normal | Increased |
ANP | Normal | Increased |
Na+ and water homeostasis | ||
Oedema | Rare | Frequent |
Hyponatraemia | Absent | Possible |
Pao 2, Paco 2 = arterial oxygen and carbon dioxide tensions; ERPF = effective renal plasma flow; FF = filtration fraction; GFR = glomerular filtration rate; PRA = plasma renin activity; PA = plasma aldosterone; AVP = arginine vasopressin; ANP = atrial natriuretic peptide.