Parasternal EMG and pulmonary function test results
| Normal subjects | Controlled asthma | Uncontrolled asthma | |
| EMGpara (%max) evening, awake | 4.9 (3.2) | 7.2 (2.3) | 16.8 (14.2)* |
| EMGpara (%max) morning, awake | 4.9 (3.5) | 8.1 (4.0)† | 18.4 (11.6)† |
| FEV1 (%pred) evening | 96.1 (10.4) | 87.4 (13.9) | 63.8 (13.3)‡ |
| FEV1 (%pred) morning | 95.9 (11.3) | 85.3 (14.5) | 62.1 (13.3)‡ |
| PEF (l/min) evening | 492 (107.4) | 404 (137.7) | 360 (114.7) |
| PEF (l/min) morning | 490 (107.6) | 390 (134.8) | 347 (119.0) |
| FEV1/VC (%) evening | 88.8 (4.8) | 69.8 (10.2)§ | 62.3 (19.0) |
| FEV1/VC (%) morning | 89.0 (4.5) | 67.3 (9.9)§ | 62.5 (18.3) |
Changes in the EMG activity and pulmonary function tests. Evening (22:00–23:00 h) and morning (06:00–07:00 h) parameters represent the mean of the root-mean square %maxEMGpara activity.
↵* Difference between controlled versus uncontrolled asthma (p<0.05).
↵† Difference between normal group and controlled asthma (p<0.05) and controlled versus uncontrolled asthma (p<0.01).
↵‡ Difference between controlled versus uncontrolled asthma (p<0.001).
↵§ Difference between normal group vs controlled asthma (p<0.001).
FEV1, forced expiratory volume over 1 s; PEF, peak expiratory flow; VC, vital capacity.