Unadjusted relative risks associated with parental smoking: case-control studies
Reference | Age | Cases | Controls | Odds ratios (95% CI) for smoking by: | Dose-response | Cotinine3-150 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Either parent | Mother | Father | |||||||||||
21 | 2–16 | 400 | 213 | 1.30 (0.93 to 1.83) | — | − | |||||||
22 | 1–12 | 302 | 433 | 1.00 (0.70 to 1.42) | No3-151 | − | |||||||
23 | 0–17 | 137 | 246 | — | 1.43 (0.92 to 2.23) | 0.71 (0.44 to 1.15) | — | − | |||||
24 | 3–15 | 49 | 77 | 1.97 (0.90 to 4.35) | 2.56 (1.23 to 5.32) | 0.87 (0.42 to 1.80) | Yes | + | |||||
25 | 3–14 | 107 | 121 | 1.13 (0.67 to 1.90) | 2.00 (1.16 to 3.48) | Yes | + | ||||||
26 | c. 9 | 102 | 105 | 1.43 (0.75 to 2.71) | — | − | |||||||
27 | 3–4 | 457 | 457 | — | 1.16 (0.89 to 1.51) | 0.81 (0.62 to 1.06) | — | − | |||||
28 | c. 5.5 | 140 | 140 | 2.12 (1.32 to 3.42) | — | − | |||||||
29 | 5–11 | 115 | 96 | 0.76 (0.44 to 1.31) | — | − | |||||||
30 | 5–7 | 19 | 43 | 0.71 (0.22 to 2.22) | — | + | |||||||
31 | 3–15 | 300 | 100 | 0.90 (0.57 to 1.42) | (few smoke) | 0.95 (0.60 to 1.50) | — | − | |||||
32 | 0–5 | 158 | 201 | 1.80 (1.20 to 2.70) | — | − | |||||||
33 | 1.5–4 | 75 | 137 | 1.46 (0.83 to 2.58) | 1.70 (0.93 to 3.14) | 1.02 (0.42 to 2.46) | No | + | |||||
34 | 1–4 | 193 | 318 | 1.62 (1.13 to 2.32) | — | − | |||||||
35 | 12–18 | 486 | 475 | — | 1.38 (1.18 to 1.61) | 0.96 (0.69 to 1.34) | Yes | − | |||||
36 | 7–12 | 193 | 149 | 2.00 (1.22 to 3.27) | — | + | |||||||
37 | 7–9 | 348 | 272 | 1.57 (1.06 to 2.33) | 1.70 (1.23 to 2.34) | 1.23 (0.90 to 1.70) | Yes | + | |||||
38 | 6–18 | 203 | 203 | — | (few smoke) | 1.03 (0.63 to 1.70) | — | − | |||||
39 | 4–9 | 131 | 131 | — | 2.79 (1.66 to 4.67) | — | Yes | − |