Summary of time series studies of air pollution and daily admissions or emergency room attendance for asthma. The rows are sorted by whether the analysis was for “all year” (including across seasons) and by “summer” (warm half of the year) or “winter” (cool half of the year). Under the various age groups where a pollutant is within a parenthesis, the association was negative
Author | Reference no. | Year | Place | Ads/ ER | Season | Months | O3 | NO2 | SO2 | Particles | 0–14 yrs | 15–64 yrs | 65+ yrs | All ages |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Anderson | This paper | London | Ads | AY | + | + | + | BS | NO2,SO2 | O3 | NO2,BS | NO2,SO2,BS | ||
Buchdahl | 20 | 1996 | London | ER | AY | + | + | + | — | O3,SO2 | — | — | — | |
Dab | 21 | 1996 | Paris | Ads | AY | + | + | + | PM13,BS | SO2 | O3,NO2 | — | SO2,NO2 | |
Ponka | 22 | 1996 | Helsinki | Ads | AY | + | + | + | TSP | NS | NS | SO2 | — | |
Romieu | 923 | 1995 | Mexico City | ER | AY | Jan–Jun | + | — | + | — | O3,SO2 | — | — | — |
Schwartz | 24 | 1993 | Seattle | ER | AY | + | — | + | PM10 | PM10 | PM10 | NS | — | |
Sunyer | 14 | 1996 | Barcelona | ER | AY | + | + | + | BS | — | O3 | — | — | |
Anderson | This paper | London | Ads | S | Apr–Sept | + | + | + | BS | O3,NO2,SO2 | O3 | NS | O3,SO2 | |
Bates | 25 | 1990 | Vancouver | ER | S | + | + | + | SO4,COH | SO4 | SO2,SO4 | SO4 | — | |
Bates | 26 | 1987 | Ontario | Ads | S | July–Aug | + | + | + | SO4,COH | NS | — | — | SO2,O3,SO4 |
Burnett | 27 | 1994 | Ontario | Ads | S | May–Aug | + | — | — | SO4 | O3SO4 | O3SO4 | NS | O3,SO4 |
Castellsague | 28 | 1995 | Barcelona | ER | S | + | + | + | BS | — | BS, NO2 | BS,NO2 | — | |
Cody | 29 | 1992 | N Jersey | ER | S | May–Aug | + | — | + | — | — | — | — | O3 |
Delfino | 30 | 1994 | Montreal | Ads | S | Jun–Sept | + | — | — | PM10,PM2.5H+,SO4 | — | — | — | PM10,SO4 |
Schouten | 31 | 1996 | Amsterdam | Ads | S | Apr–Sept | + | + | + | BS | — | — | — | SO2 |
Steib | 32 | 1996 | St John, NB | ER | S | May–Sept | + | + | + | SO4,TSP | NS | O3 | O3 | O3 |
Thurston | 33 | 1994 | Toronto | Ads | S | + | — | — | SO4,H+ | — | — | — | O3,SO4,H+ | |
Thurston | 34 | 1992 | New York | Ads | S | + | — | — | SO4,H+ | — | — | — | O3,SO4,H+ | |
Walters | 35 | 1994 | B’ham, UK | Ads | S | June–Aug | — | — | + | BS | — | — | — | NS |
Anderson | This paper | London | Ads | W | Oct–Mar | + | + | + | BS | (O3),NO2 | NS | NO2,SO2,BS | (O3),NO2,SO2,BS | |
Bates | 25 | 1990 | Vancouver | ER | W | + | + | + | SO4,COH | NS | NS | SO2,SO4 | — | |
Bates | 26 | 1987 | Ontario | Ads | W | Jan–Feb | + | + | + | SO4,COH | (O3) | — | — | NS |
Castellsague | 28 | 1995 | Barcelona | ER | W | + | + | + | BS | — | NO2 | — | — | |
Schouten | 31 | 1996 | Amsterdam | Ads | W | Oct–Mar | + | + | + | BS | — | — | — | NS |
Walters | 35 | 1994 | B’ham, UK | Ads | W | Dec–Feb | — | — | + | BS | — | — | — | BS,SO2 |
Ads = admissions; ER = emergency room admissions or attendance at accident and emergency departments; TSP = total suspended particles; PM = suspended particles; SO4 = sulphate; COH = coefficient of haze; H+ = hydrogen ion concentration (a measure of acid aerosols); AY = all year; S = summer/warm season; W = winter/cool season; BS = black smoke; NS = no pollutant significant, — = no information on that age group.