Adjusted risk (HR) of all-cause mortality associated with incident hospitalisation for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), controlling for COPD disease severity
| Adjusted* HR (95% CI) | |
| COPD admission | 2.7 (2.5 to 3.0) |
| Modified GOLD stage† | |
| Normal | 1.0 |
| Restricted | 1.8 (1.5 to 2.1) |
| GOLD 0 | 1.2 (1.1 to 1.4) |
| GOLD 1 | 1.4 (1.2 to 1.6) |
| GOLD 2 | 1.5 (1.3 to 1.8) |
| GOLD 3/4 | 2.7 (2.2 to 3.4) |
↵* Parametric survival regression model also adjusted for previous COPD admissions (during the study period), age, gender, education, race, smoking, physical activity, body mass index, diabetes, heart disease and cohort (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study/Cardiovascular Health Study).
↵† Modified Global Initiative on Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD): normal (no lung disease), restricted (FEV1/FVC ≥0.70 and FVC <80% predicted), GOLD stage 0 (presence of respiratory symptoms in the absence of any lung function abnormality), GOLD stage 1 (FEV1/FVC <0.70 and FEV1 ≥80%), GOLD stage 2 (FEV1/FVC <0.70 and FEV1 ≥50% to <80% predicted) and GOLD stages 3 or 4 (FEV1/FVC <0.70 and FEV1 <50% predicted).