@article {Araghithoraxjnl-2020-216555, author = {Marzieh Araghi and Miranda Fidler-Benaoudia and Melina Arnold and Mark Rutherford and Aude Bardot and Jacques Ferlay and Oliver Bucher and Prithwish De and Gerda Engholm and Anna Gavin and Serena Kozie and Alana Little and Bj{\o}rn M{\o}ller and Nathalie St Jacques and Hanna Tervonen and Paul Walsh and Ryan Woods and Dianne L O{\textquoteright}Connell and David Baldwin and Mark Elwood and Sabine Siesling and Freddie Bray and Isabelle Soerjomataram and ICBP SURVMARK-2 Local Leads and ICBP SURVMARK-2 Academic Reference Group}, editor = {, and , and Little, Alana and Eckstrand, Angela and Gavin, Anna and Zhang, Bin and M{\o}ller, Bj{\o}rn and McClure, Carol and Thomas, Rebecca and Marano, Connie and Bertrand, Christine and Jackson, Christopher and Austin, Claire and Gavin, David and Morrison, David S and Fitzpatrick, Deirdre and Turner, Donna and Huws, Dyfed and Kumar, Eshwar and Noonan, Gail and Porter, Geoff and Engholm, Gerda and Lockwood, Gina and Musto, Grace and Bolesnikov, Grlica and Ruel, Guillaume and Tervonen, Hanna and Elkader, Hazem Abd and Stuart-Panko, Heather and Warlow, Janet and Poole, Jason and Spinelli, John and Shack, Lorraine and Sandford, Louise and Jerm, Marianne Brenn and MacIntyre, Maureen and St-Jacques, Nathalie and Bucher, Oliver and Walsh, Paul and De, Prithwish and Agnihotram, Raman and Trevithick, Richard and Carle, Rory and Woods, Ryan and Vernon, Sally and Kozie, Serena and Ryan, Susan and Evans, Sue and , and O{\textquoteright}Connell, Dianne and Eden, Michael and Elwood, Mark and Siesling, Sabine and , and Guhan, Anur and Finley, Christian and McCaughan, Brian and Baldwin, David and Jakobsen, Erik and Williamson, Ian and Lester, Jason and McAleese, Jonathan and Kolbeck, Karl and Peake, Mick and Brustugun, Odd Terje and Dawkins, Paul and Anderson, Wendy}, title = {International differences in lung cancer survival by sex, histological type and stage at diagnosis: an ICBP SURVMARK-2 Study}, elocation-id = {thoraxjnl-2020-216555}, year = {2021}, doi = {10.1136/thoraxjnl-2020-216555}, publisher = {BMJ Publishing Group Ltd}, abstract = {Introduction Lung cancer has a poor prognosis that varies internationally when assessed by the two major histological subgroups (non-small cell (NSCLC) and small cell (SCLC)).Method 236 114 NSCLC and 43 167 SCLC cases diagnosed during 2010{\textendash}2014 in Australia, Canada, Denmark, Ireland, New Zealand, Norway and the UK were included in the analyses. One-year and 3-year age-standardised net survival (NS) was estimated by sex, histological type, stage and country.Results One-year and 3-year NS was consistently higher for Canada and Norway, and lower for the UK, New Zealand and Ireland, irrespective of stage at diagnosis. Three-year NS for NSCLC ranged from 19.7\% for the UK to 27.1\% for Canada for men and was consistently higher for women (25.3\% in the UK; 35.0\% in Canada) partly because men were diagnosed at more advanced stages. International differences in survival for NSCLC were largest for regional stage and smallest at the advanced stage. For SCLC, 3-year NS also showed a clear female advantage with the highest being for Canada (13.8\% for women; 9.1\% for men) and Norway (12.8\% for women; 9.7\% for men).Conclusion Distribution of stage at diagnosis among lung cancer cases differed by sex, histological subtype and country, which may partly explain observed survival differences. Yet, survival differences were also observed within stages, suggesting that quality of treatment, healthcare system factors and prevalence of comorbid conditions may also influence survival. Other possible explanations include differences in data collection practice, as well as differences in histological verification, staging and coding across jurisdictions.Data may be obtained from a third party and are not publicly available. Data contain sensitive and personal information and can be obtained from the cancer registries listed as the local leads in the manuscript.}, issn = {0040-6376}, URL = {https://thorax.bmj.com/content/early/2021/07/18/thoraxjnl-2020-216555}, eprint = {https://thorax.bmj.com/content/early/2021/07/18/thoraxjnl-2020-216555.full.pdf}, journal = {Thorax} }