PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Pierre-Olivier Bridevaux
AU  - J-D Aubert
AU  - P M Soccal
AU  - J Mazza-Stalder
AU  - C Berutto
AU  - T Rochat
AU  - L Turin
AU  - S Van Belle
AU  - L Nicod
AU  - P Meylan
AU  - G Wagner
AU  - Laurent Kaiser
TI  - Incidence and outcomes of respiratory viral infections in lung transplant recipients: a prospective study
AID  - 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2013-203581
DP  - 2014 Jan 01
TA  - Thorax
PG  - 32--38
VI  - 69
IP  - 1
4099  - http://thorax.bmj.com/content/69/1/32.short
4100  - http://thorax.bmj.com/content/69/1/32.full
SO  - Thorax2014 Jan 01; 69
AB  - Background The incidence and outcomes of respiratory viral infections in lung transplant recipients (LTR) are not well defined. The objective of this prospective study conducted from June 2008 to March 2011 was to characterise the incidence and outcomes of viral respiratory infections in LTR. Methods Patients were seen in three contexts: study-specific screenings covering all seasons; routine post-transplantation follow-up; and emergency visits. Nasopharyngeal specimens were collected systematically and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed when clinically indicated. All specimens underwent testing with a wide panel of molecular assays targeting respiratory viruses. Results One hundred and twelve LTR had 903 encounters: 570 (63%) were screening visits, 124 (14%) were routine post-transplantation follow-up and 209 (23%) were emergency visits. Respiratory viruses were identified in 174 encounters, 34 of these via BAL. The incidence of infection was 0.83 per patient-year (95% CI 0.45 to 1.52). The viral infection rates upon screening, routine and emergency visits were 14%, 15% and 34%, respectively (p<0.001). Picornavirus was identified most frequently in nasopharyngeal (85/140; 60.7%) and BAL specimens (20/34; 59%). Asymptomatic viral carriage, mainly of picornaviruses, was found at 10% of screening visits. Infections were associated with transient lung function loss and high calcineurin inhibitor blood levels. The hospitalisation rate was 50% (95% CI 30% to 70.9%) for influenza and parainfluenza and 16.9% (95% CI 11.2% to 23.9%) for other viruses. Acute rejection was not associated with viral infection (OR 0.4, 95% CI 0.1 to 1.3). Conclusions There is a high incidence of viral infection in LTR; asymptomatic carriage is rare. Viral infections contribute significantly to this population's respiratory symptomatology. No temporal association was observed between infection and acute rejection.