RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 Cardiometabolic changes after continuous positive airway pressure for obstructive sleep apnoea: a randomised sham-controlled study JF Thorax JO Thorax FD BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and British Thoracic Society SP 1081 OP 1089 DO 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2011-201420 VO 67 IS 12 A1 Camilla M Hoyos A1 Roo Killick A1 Brendon J Yee A1 Craig L Phillips A1 Ronald R Grunstein A1 Peter Y Liu YR 2012 UL http://thorax.bmj.com/content/67/12/1081.abstract AB Rationale and objectives Impaired insulin sensitivity (ISx), increased visceral abdominal fat (VAF) and liver fat are all central components of the metabolic syndrome and characteristics of men with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). The reversibility of these observed changes with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment in men with OSA has not been systematically studied in a randomised sham-controlled fashion. Methods 65 men without diabetes who were CPAP naïve and had moderate to severe OSA (age=49±12 years, apnoea hypopnoea index (AHI)=39.9±17.7 events/h, body mass index=31.3±5.2 kg/m2) were randomised to receive either real (n=34) or sham (n=31) CPAP for 12 weeks. At 12 weeks, all subjects received real CPAP for an additional 12 weeks. Measurements and main results Main outcomes were the change at week 12 from baseline in VAF, ISx and liver fat. Other metabolic outcomes were changes in the disposition index, total fat, and blood leptin and adiponectin concentrations. The AHI was lower on CPAP compared with sham by 33 events/h (95% CI−43.9 to −22.2, p<0.0001) after 12 weeks. There were no between-group differences at 12 weeks in VAF (−13.0 cm3, −42.4 to 16.2, p=0.37), ISx (−0.13 (min−1)(μU/ml))−1, −0.40 to 0.14, p=0.33), liver fat (−0.5 cm3, −3.8 to 2.7, p=0.74) or any other cardiometabolic parameter. At 24 weeks, ISx (3.2×104 (min−1)(μU/ml))−1, 0.9×104 to 6.0×104, p=0.009), but not VAF (−1.4 cm3, −19.2 to 16.4, p=0.87) or liver fat (−0.2 Hounsfield units, −2.4 to 2.0, p=0.83) were improved compared with baseline in the whole study group. Conclusion Reducing visceral adiposity in men with OSA cannot be achieved with CPAP alone and is likely to require weight-loss interventions. Longer-term effects of CPAP on other cardiometabolic markers such as ISx require further investigation to fully examine time dependencies. Trial Registration Number ACTRN12608000301369.