@article {Gu{\'e}n{\'e}gou320, author = {A Gu{\'e}n{\'e}gou and B Leynaert and I Pin and G Le Mo{\"e}l and M Zureik and F Neukirch}, title = {Serum carotenoids, vitamins A and E, and 8 year lung function decline in a general population}, volume = {61}, number = {4}, pages = {320--326}, year = {2006}, doi = {10.1136/thx.2005.047373}, publisher = {BMJ Publishing Group Ltd}, abstract = {Background: Oxidative stress is thought to have a major role in the pathogenesis of airway obstruction. A study was undertaken to determine whether subjects with low levels of antioxidants (serum β-carotene, α-carotene, vitamins A and E) would be at a higher risk of accelerated decline in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) as their lungs would be less protected against oxidative stress. Methods: 1194 French subjects aged 20{\textendash}44 years were examined in 1992 as part of the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS); 864 were followed up in 2000 and 535 (50\% men, 40\% lifelong non-smokers) had complete data for analysis. Results: During the 8 year study period the mean annual decrease in FEV1 (adjusted for sex, centre, baseline FEV1, age, smoking, body mass index and low density lipoprotein cholesterol) was 29.8 ml/year. The rate of decrease was lower for the subjects in tertile I of β-carotene at baseline than for those in the two other tertiles (-36.5 v -27.6 ml/year; p = 0.004). An increase in β-carotene between the two surveys was associated with a slower decline in FEV1. No association was observed between α-carotene, vitamin A, or vitamin E and FEV1 decline. However, being a heavy smoker (⩾20 cigarettes/day) in combination with a low level of β-carotene or vitamin E was associated with the steepest decline in FEV1 (-52.5 ml/year, p = 0.0002 and -50.1 ml/year, p = 0.010, respectively). Conclusions: These results strongly suggest that β-carotene protects against the decline in FEV1 over an 8 year period in the general population, and that β-carotene and vitamin E are protective in heavy smokers.}, issn = {0040-6376}, URL = {https://thorax.bmj.com/content/61/4/320}, eprint = {https://thorax.bmj.com/content/61/4/320.full.pdf}, journal = {Thorax} }