@article {Wickremasinghe1045, author = {M Wickremasinghe and L J Ozerovitch and G Davies and T Wodehouse and M V Chadwick and S Abdallah and P Shah and R Wilson}, title = {Non-tuberculous mycobacteria in patients with bronchiectasis}, volume = {60}, number = {12}, pages = {1045--1051}, year = {2005}, doi = {10.1136/thx.2005.046631}, publisher = {BMJ Publishing Group Ltd}, abstract = {Background: Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are ubiquitous environmental organisms. Patients with pre-existing lung damage are susceptible to NTM, but their prevalence in bronchiectasis is unknown. Distinguishing between lung colonisation and disease can be difficult. Methods: A prospective study of 100 patients with bronchiectasis was undertaken to evaluate the prevalence of NTM in sputum, and a retrospective analysis of clinical, microbiological, lung function and radiology data of our clinic patients with NTM sputum isolates over 11 years was performed. Results: The prevalence of NTM in this population of patients with bronchiectasis was 2\%. Patients in the retrospective study were divided into three groups: bronchiectasis + multiple NTM isolates (n = 25), bronchiectasis + single isolates (n = 23), and non-bronchiectasis + multiple isolates (n = 22). Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) species predominated in patients with bronchiectasis compared with non-bronchiectasis lung disease (72\% v 9\%, p\<0.0001). Single isolates were also frequently MAC (45.5\%). Multiple isolates in bronchiectasis were more often smear positive on first sample than single isolates (p\<0.0001). NTM were identified on routine screening samples or because of suggestive radiology. No particular bronchiectasis aetiology was associated with an NTM. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus were frequently co-cultured. Six (25\%) of multiple NTM patients had cavities of which five were due to MAC. Half the patients with multiple isolates were treated, mostly due to progressive radiology. Conclusions: NTM are uncommon in non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis. Routine screening identifies otherwise unsuspected patients. MAC is the most frequent NTM isolated.}, issn = {0040-6376}, URL = {https://thorax.bmj.com/content/60/12/1045}, eprint = {https://thorax.bmj.com/content/60/12/1045.full.pdf}, journal = {Thorax} }