Footnotes

• Contributors All authors have made substantial contributions to all of the following: (1) the conception and design of the study, or acquisition of data, or analysis and interpretation of data; (2) drafting the article or revising it critically for important intellectual content; and (3) final approval of the version to be submitted, as per the ICMJE requirements.

• Competing interests AN declares that he is a member of the Advisory Board for Aidence BV, The Netherlands, and he is part-funded by the UCLH Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), National Institute. DRB declares grants from AstraZeneca and Oncimmune, outside the submitted work. DRB and MEJC were coauthors of the British Thoracic Society guidelines for the investigation and management of pulmonary nodules published in 2015. AD has no competing interests to declare.

• Patient consent Not required.

• Provenance and peer review Not commissioned; externally peer reviewed.

• Correction notice This article has been corrected since it was published Online First. The second author’s name was corrected.