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Risk factors for bronchiectasis in children with cystic fibrosis
By age 5 years, 50–70% of children with CF have bronchiectasis. This longitudinal study undertook a CT and BAL on 78 children diagnosed with CF on the newborn screening test aged 3 months, 1 year, 2 years and 3 years when clinically stable (N Engl J Med 2013;368:1963–70). They showed that persistent free neutrophil elastase activity in the BAL at 3 months was predictive of persistent bronchiectasis at 12 months and at 3 years of age.
Low dose CT scanning for screening for lung cancer
This national lung screening trial allocated smokers with a 30 pack year history to yearly screening with either low dose CT or chest radiography (N Engl J Med 2013;368:1980–91). All nodules >4 mm in the axial plane were considered to be positive on CT and on CXR all non-calcified nodules or masses were considered to be positive. In the CT group 27.3% versus 9.2% in the CXR group had a positive screening result. In the CT group 6369 had at least one diagnostic …