Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is a rare disorder of excessive accumulation of surfactant components in alveoli. The inhibition of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) by blocking autoantibodies seems to lead to impaired surfactant clearance by alveolar macrophages. The authors explored the hypothesis that common and opportunistic pulmonary and disseminated infections reported in PAP are secondary to the effect of GM-CSF autoantibody (GM-CSF-Ab) on …