Respiratory viruses primarily target the bronchial epithelium and induce the expression of several inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. These include tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 1β (IL-1β) which are key regulatory factors in the early induction of inflammation and Th1/Th2 immune responses. A number of cellular signalling pathways are thought to play a role in this context including nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), a ubiquitous transcription factor which …