A prominent feature of health in all industrialized countries is the social gradient in health
and disease. Many observers believe that this gradient is simply a matter of poor health for …

In epidemiological studies, there is a tendency to include social class, or socio-economic
status, with as much regularity but as little thought as with the inclusion of gender. All …

The breast cancer screening programmes in the United Kingdom currently invite women
aged 50–70 years for screening mammography every 3 years. Since the time the screening …

In Aldous Huxley's dystopia, Brave New World, there were five castes. The Alphas and Betas
were allowed to develop normally. The Gammas, Deltas, and Epsilons were treated with …

William Harvey was born in Folkestone on April 1, 1578. He was educated at the King's
School, Canterbury, Gonville, and Caius College, Cambridge, and the University of Padua …

The social environment affects health and disease in so many ways that it is impossible to
deal with the subject in its entirety. The differences in the civil servants reflect national …

The gross inequalities in health that we see within and between countries present a
challenge to the world. That there should be a spread of life expectancy of 48 years among …

Mortality from coronary heart disease (CHD) is higher in manual than in non-manual
occupational classes and is higher in Scotland, Wales, and the North of England than in the …

In the Whitehall study, 17 530 civil servants were classified according to employment grade,
and their mortality was recorded over 10 years. There was a steep inverse relation between …

Abstract Study Objectives: Although sleep curtailment has become widespread in
industrialised societies, little work has examined the effects on mortality of change in sleep …