A new theory was tested that swallowing the wrong way is the cause of the strong correlation between bronchial symptoms and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). One hundred and nineteen patients who were operated on for hiatal hernia and GERD were compared with 89 patients treated with the proton pump inhibitor omeprazole concerning bronchial symptoms before and after treatment. Both groups had a frequency of cough of 34% before treatment. Omeprazole did not give any significant relief of cough, whereas patients who were operated on with fundoplication and crural repair showed a highly significant reduction of cough and bronchitis. It is believed that the distal anchoring of the longitudinal esophageal muscle by surgery improves esophageal transit and restores the delicate coordination in the swallowing centre between deglutition, the opening of the upper esophageal sphincter, and the epiglottic closure of the laryngeal entrance. It is concluded that the main reason for chronic bronchitis in patients with GERD is intermittent aspiration due to partial mis-swallowing.