Mid- and Long-Term Efficacy of Non-Invasive Ventilation in Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome: The Pickwick's Study

Arch Bronconeumol. 2016 Mar;52(3):158-65. doi: 10.1016/j.arbres.2015.10.003. Epub 2015 Dec 4.
[Article in English, Spanish]

Abstract

The Pickwick project was a prospective, randomized and controlled study, which addressed the issue of obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS), a growing problem in developed countries. OHS patients were divided according to apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) ≥30 and <30 determined by polysomnography. The group with AHI≥30 was randomized to intervention with lifestyle changes, noninvasive ventilation (NIV) or continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP); the group with AHI<30 received NIV or lifestyle changes. The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of NIV treatment, CPAP and lifestyle changes (control) in the medium and long-term management of patients with OHS. The primary variables were PaCO2 and days of hospitalization, and operating variables were the percentage of dropouts for medical reasons and mortality. Secondary medium-term objectives were: (i)to evaluate clinical-functional effectiveness on quality of life, echocardiographic and polysomnographic variables; (ii)to investigate the importance of apneic events and leptin in the pathogenesis of daytime alveolar hypoventilation and change according to the different treatments; (ii)to investigate whether metabolic, biochemical and vascular endothelial dysfunction disorders depend on the presence of apneas and hypopneasm and (iv)changes in inflammatory markers and endothelial damage according to treatment. Secondary long-term objectives were to evaluate: (i)clinical and functional effectiveness and quality of life with NIV and CPAP; (ii)changes in leptin, inflammatory markers and endothelial damage according to treatment; (iii)changes in pulmonary hypertension and other echocardiographic variables, as well as blood pressure and incidence of cardiovascular events, and (iv)dropout rate and mortality.

Keywords: Continuous positive airway pressure; Noninvasive mechanical ventilation; Obesity-hypoventilation syndrome; Presión en la vía aérea positiva continua; Sleep apnea syndrome; Síndrome de apneas de sueño; Síndrome hipoventilación-obesidad; Ventilación mecánica no invasiva.

Publication types

  • Randomized Controlled Trial
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • Continuous Positive Airway Pressure*
  • Humans
  • Length of Stay
  • Life Style*
  • Middle Aged
  • Noninvasive Ventilation*
  • Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome / therapy*
  • Polysomnography
  • Prospective Studies
  • Quality of Life
  • Sample Size
  • Time Factors