Evidence Based Physical Activity for School-age Youth

doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2005.01.055

The Journal of Pediatrics

Volume 146, Issue 6, June 2005, Pages 732-737

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2005.01.055 Get rights and content

Objectives

To review the effects of physical activity on health and behavior outcomes and develop evidence-based recommendations for physical activity in youth.

Study design

A systematic literature review identified 850 articles; additional papers were identified by the expert panelists. Articles in the identified outcome areas were reviewed, evaluated and summarized by an expert panelist. The strength of the evidence, conclusions, key issues, and gaps in the evidence were abstracted in a standardized format and presented and discussed by panelists and organizational representatives.

Results

Most intervention studies used supervised programs of moderate to vigorous physical activity of 30 to 45 minutes duration 3 to 5 days per week. The panel believed that a greater amount of physical activity would be necessary to achieve similar beneficial effects on health and behavioral outcomes in ordinary daily circumstances (typically intermittent and unsupervised activity).

Conclusion

School-age youth should participate daily in 60 minutes or more of moderate to vigorous physical activity that is developmentally appropriate, enjoyable, and involves a variety of activities.

Section snippets

Method

Under a contract with the Divisions of Nutrition and Physical Activity and Adolescent and School Health of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the Constella Group, an expert panel was convened to review and evaluate available evidence on the influence of physical activity on several health and behavioral outcomes in youth aged 6 to 18 years. The co-chairs of the panel selected panelists on the basis of expertise in specific areas: adiposity, cardiovascular health (lipids and

Results

Evidence pertaining to the influence of physical activity on each health and behavior outcome in youth is summarized in Table I; available online at http://www.us.elsevierhealth.com/jpeds.

Discussion

Discussions of the benefits of physical activity for youth are often framed in the context of the future health status of the individual. It is also important to consider physical activity as it relates to the multiple demands of childhood and adolescence associated with physical growth, biological maturation, and behavioral development. These processes vary considerably among individuals, occur simultaneously and interact, and provide the backdrop against which youth evaluate their own status

Conclusions

Increasing the level of habitual moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity in youth is a health promotion and a disease-prevention strategy. Sedentary youngsters should progress toward the recommended level of physical activity gradually. The recommendations are consistent with presently available scientific evidence and are also in general accord with recommendations promoted by governmental agencies^4,311,312 and professional organizations.^3,313,314

References (0)

Cited by (2788)

Examining the relationship between active transport and exposure to streetscape diversity during travel: A study using GPS data and street view imagery
2024, Computers, Environment and Urban Systems
Active transport (AT)—physical activity (PA) during travel—can promote human health. Among built environment factors related to travel research, design refers to the street network features encouraging AT. The advent of street view images (SVIs) presents the potential to measure design during travel by capturing the eye-level built environments. Benefited by SVIs, this study innovatively introduces streetscape diversity—the interconnection of street view-derived built environment factors—during travel as the proxy to measure design from the street view perspective. Exposures to higher streetscape diversity could provide increased access to potential destinations and therapeutic landscapes, thereby promoting AT. Through integrating SVIs and young adults’ Global Positioning System (GPS) trajectories, this study utilized negative binomial regression models to assess the relationship between streetscape diversity and time spent in AT. Results indicate that the inclusion of streetscape diversity improves the model performance, and there is a positive relationship between streetscape diversity and AT. This finding indicates that increased access to travel routes with diverse streetscapes could increase the probability of participating in AT. Furthermore, integrating individual GPS data and SVIs allows more precise space-time measurement of individual environmental exposures.
Physical activity interventions among youth living in rural and remote areas: A systematic review
2024, Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health
Physical activity (PA) interventions have potential to improve health and social outcomes among youth. The aim of this study was to collate the evidence on the effectiveness of PA and sports-based interventions among youth living in rural and remote areas.
We searched five databases and grey literature (HealthInfoNet). Search terms included PA, rural status, adolescents, and outcome measures. Studies were included if published in English, recruited 10- to 18-year olds, and were based in rural or remote communities (Modified Monash Model [MMM] area classification range of MMM 3–7). Quasi-experimental and pre-experimental and post-experimental PA interventions were included. Two authors evaluated the articles independently following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines, and relevant data were extracted. International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) (CRD42020199001).
Of the 11802 studies identified, 6 were included in the review. Most studies were excluded for not meeting MMM 3–7 criteria. Four of the included studies had sports-related interventions, and 2 had walking-based interventions. Outcomes included self-efficacy, mental health, and academic performance. One study reported a positive effect of PA on self-efficacy (β = 0.26, p=0.018, odds ratio = 1.43 [95% confidence interval: 1.07–1.92]).
Few community-based PA interventions have been evaluated in rural areas. There is a need for future evaluations in rural areas and include PA as an outcome measure.
The findings highlight the need for measurement of PA outcomes in PA interventions in rural and remote areas. The findings also highlight the need for research to utilise a standardised measure of rurality.
Collocated interactive outdoor games for children: A systematic literature review
2024, Entertainment Computing
Outdoor play is an important component in the development of children and adolescents. Nevertheless, there is a growing trend towards replacing outdoor play with sedentary indoors activity, related to media consumption and computer games. Researchers in child computer interaction and related fields have been developing games that can be played outside, encouraging physical activity and social interaction. This article reviews this niche but substantial body of work, aiming to provide an overview of these games, the evidence provided regarding the benefits they claim to provide and related methodological issues. The paper takes a critical reflection on the role of technology in outdoor play and suggests areas for future research, including the learning and developmental benefits that these games can provide to children in the long term.
Human-centered participatory co-design with children and adults for a prototype lifestyle intervention and implementation strategy in a rural middle school
2024, BMC Public Health
Effectiveness of the Walking in ScHools (WISH) Study, a peer-led walking intervention for adolescent girls: results of a cluster randomised controlled trial
2024, International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity
Walkability and socio-economic status in relation to walking, playing and sports practice in a representative Spanish sample of youth: The PASOS study
2024, PLoS ONE

View all citing articles on Scopus

^∗: Contributed equally to this work.

View full text

Original ArticleEvidence Based Physical Activity for School-age Youth

Objectives

Study design

Results

Conclusion

Section snippets

Method

Results

Discussion

Conclusions

Original Article
Evidence Based Physical Activity for School-age Youth