Asthma and lower airway diseaseCosts of asthma in the United States: 2002-2007
Section snippets
Data
Data for calendar years 2002-2007 came from the MEPS, a large-scale nationally representative set of surveys of families and individuals and their medical providers and employers. The surveys collect detailed data on health care use, expenditures, sources of payment, and health insurance coverage. The MEPS has been conducted annually since 1996; it is cosponsored by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality and the National Center for Health Statistics. The survey uses a complex design and
Results
Of the 206,851 observations in the pooled sample, 8,719 persons had asthma, and 198,132 persons did not have asthma (Table I). The persons in the asthma subsample tended to be younger and unmarried. They had lower education attainment, were more likely to be in poverty, and were more likely to have comorbidities.
Limitations
Higher income whites and Asians had the lowest response rates to MEPS.69 Although MEPS oversamples minorities, including Asians, we cannot be assured that our estimates are accurate for nonrespondents. The effect of possible underrepresentation of higher-income whites and Asians on the incremental cost of asthma is unclear because there is no conclusive evidence on the independent effect of income on asthma-related health expenditures.
Persons who have not used health care goods or services
References (82)
- et al.
Current and future medical costs of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in The Netherlands
Respir Med
(1999) - et al.
Costs of asthma in a cohort of Swiss adults: associations with exacerbation status and severity
Value Health
(2003) - et al.
Direct and indirect costs of asthma to an employer
J Allergy Clin Immunol
(2002) - et al.
A comprehensive study of the direct and indirect costs of adult asthma
J Allergy Clin Immunol
(2003) - et al.
Resource costs for asthma-related care among pediatric patients in managed care
Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol
(2003) - et al.
The economic burden of asthma in US children: estimates from the National Medical Expenditure Survey
J Allergy Clin Immunol
(1999) - et al.
The health economics of asthma and rhinitis. I. Assessing the economic impact
J Allergy Clin Immunol
(2001) - et al.
Practical considerations on the use of the Charlson comorbidity index with administrative data bases
J Clin Epidemiol
(1996) - et al.
A new method of classifying prognostic comorbidity in longitudinal studies: development and validation
J Chronic Dis
(1987) - et al.
Estimating log models: to transform or not to transform?
J Health Econ
(2001)
Too much ado about two-part models and transformation?: comparing methods of modeling Medicare expenditures
J Health Econ
School attendance and school and school performance: a population-based study of children with asthma
J Pediatr
Trends in the cost of illness for asthma in the United States, 1985-1994
J Allergy Clin Immunol
Relationships of race and socioeconomic status with prevalence, severity, and symptoms of asthma in Chicago school children
Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol
Asthma severity and medical resource utilisation
Eur Respir J
The economic cost of asthma in Singapore
Aust N Z J Med
Cost, morbidity, and control of asthma in Hungary: the Hunair Study
J Asthma
Direct and indirect costs of asthma in Canada, 1990
CMAJ
Social and economic impact of childhood asthma
Indian Pediatr
Cost of illness of atopic asthma and seasonal allergic rhinitis in Germany: 1-yr retrospective study
Eur Respir J
The economic impact of preschool asthma and wheeze
Eur Respir J
The economic burden of asthma: direct and indirect costs in Switzerland
Eur Respir J
Persistent asthma: disease control, resource utilisation and direct costs
Eur Respir J
The cost of asthma in the emergency department and hospital
Am J Respir Crit Care Med
Work dynamics of adults with asthma
Am J Ind Med
Health care utilization and cost in children with asthma and selected comorbidities
J Asthma
The burden of pediatric asthma
Pediatr Pulmonol Suppl
Health care utilization and cost among children with asthma who were enrolled in a health maintenance organization
Pediatrics
Direct and indirect costs of asthma in school-age children
Prev Chronic Dis
The costs of atopy and asthma in children: assessment of direct costs and their determinants in a birth cohort
Pediatr Allergy Immunol
A national estimate of the economic costs of asthma
Am J Respir Crit Care Med
An economic evaluation of asthma in the United States
N Engl J Med
Understanding the costs of asthma: the next step
CMAJ
Economic cost of illness: decision-making applications and practical considerations
Adv Health Econ Health Serv Res
Cost-of-illness studies: a review of current methods
Pharmacoeconomics
Comparing cost-of-illness estimates from alternative approaches: an application to diabetes
Health Serv Res
National medical spending attributable to overweight and obesity: how much, and who's paying?
Health Aff (Millwood)
National estimates of medical costs incurred by nonelderly cancer patients
Cancer
Incremental direct expenditure of treating asthma in the United States
J Asthma
Cited by (0)
Supported by the Air Pollution and Respiratory Health Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and supported in part by an appointment to the Research Participation Program at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the US Department of Energy and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Disclosure of potential conflict of interest: S. B. L. Barnett has received research support from the OakRidge Institute for Science and Education. T. A. Nurmagambetov has declared no conflict of interest.