Clinical StudiesAssociations of elevated Interleukin-6 and C-Reactive protein levels with mortality in the elderly∗☆,
Section snippets
Subjects
Study subjects were participants in the Iowa 65+ Rural Health Study, one of four sites of the Established Populations for Epidemiologic Studies of the Elderly (18). In 1982, 3,673 persons (80% of those eligible) living in two Iowa counties participated in a comprehensive interview. Interviews were repeated annually for 7 years, and follow-up for mortality was continued until December 31, 1992. Blood was obtained from 1,940 participants who were reinterviewed between 1987 and 1989 at the seventh
Diseases and risk factors associated with Interleukin-6 and C-Reactive protein
The sample consisted of 279 men and 396 women, with a mean age of 77.8 ± 3.2 years. Twenty-nine percent were former or current cigarette smokers, and 18% reported cardiovascular disease or diabetes (Table 1). Less than 4% of the group had levels of C-reactive protein greater than the clinically relevant threshold of 10 mg/L. Male sex, cigarette smoking, greater body mass index, history of diabetes, and history of any cardiovascular disease were all associated with greater levels of
Discussion
In this population-based study, moderately high levels of interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein were associated with increased mortality. Joint elevation of interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein levels was associated with mortality in the overall sample, as well as in ever and never smokers, and those with and without a history of cardiovascular disease. Our findings extend the results of previous studies of the associations between acute phase proteins and cardiovascular disease 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
References (36)
- et al.
Infection, inflammation, and infarctiondoes acute endothelial dysfunction provide a link?
Lancet
(1997) - et al.
Immunoreactive interleukin-6 and acute phase proteins as prognostic factors in multiple myeloma
Blood
(1995) - et al.
Proinflammatory cytokine levels in patients with depressed left ventricular ejection fractiona report from the Studies of Left Ventricular Dysfunction (SOLVD)
J Am Coll Cardiol
(1996) - et al.
Measurement of whole body interleukin-6 (IL-6) productionprediction of the efficacy of anti-IL-6 treatments
Blood
(1995) - et al.
C-reactive protein induces human peripheral blood monocytes to synthesize tissue factor
Blood
(1993) - et al.
Chronic infections and coronary heart diseaseis there a link?
Lancet
(1997) - et al.
IL-6 and APPsanti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive mediators
Immun Today
(1997) - et al.
The prognostic value of C-reactive protein and serum amyloid A protein in severe unstable angina
NEJM
(1994) - et al.
Production of C-reactive protein and risk of coronary events in stable and unstable angina
Lancet
(1997) - et al.
Inflammation, aspirin, and the risk of cardiovascular disease in apparently healthy men
NEJM
(1997)
Relation of C-reactive protein and coronary heart disease in the MRFIT nested case-control study
Am J Epidemiol
Relationship of C-reactive protein to risk of cardiovascular disease in the elderlyresults from the Cardiovascular Health Study and the Rural Health Promotion Project
Arterioscler Throm Vasc Biol
Hemostatic factors and the risk of myocardial infarction or sudden death in patients with angina pectoris. European Concerted Action on Thrombosis and Disabilities Angina Pectoris Study Group
NEJM
Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with a recombinant human tumor necrosis factor receptor (p75)-Fc fusion protein
NEJM
Increased osteoclast development after estrogen lossmediation by interleukin-6
Science
The acute-phase response
New Horizons
IFNB2/BSF2/IL-6 is the monocyte-derived HSF that regulates receptor-specific acute phase gene regulation in hepatocytes
Ann NY Acad Sci
Do post-transcriptional mechanisms participate in induction of C-reactive protein and serum amyloid A by IL-6 and IL-1?
Ann NY Acad Sci
Cited by (1312)
The association between incarceration and housing insecurity and advanced immune age during late life
2024, Social Science and MedicineDysfunctional regulatory T cell: May be an obstacle to immunotherapy in cardiovascular diseases
2024, Biomedicine and PharmacotherapyUnderstanding the health effects of caregiving stress: New directions in molecular aging
2023, Ageing Research ReviewsThe association between socioeconomic status and C-reactive protein in Bayesian perspective
2023, SSM - Population Health
- ☆
Supported in part by National Institute on Aging Contract AG-0-2106. This paper was finalized when Drs. Ferrucci and Corti were Visiting Scientists in the Epidemiology, Demography and Biometry Program at the National Institute on Aging.
- ∗
Access the “Journal Club” discussion of this paper at http:/www.elsevier.com/locate/ajmselect/