Editorial reviewThe third heart sound
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Cited by (18)
Bedside prediction of increased filling pressure using acoustic electrocardiography
2009, American Journal of Emergency MedicineCitation Excerpt :Left atrial enlargement has been shown to be correlated with left-sided heart disease, increased pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, and LV end-diastolic pressure [40,41]. The S3 has been previously been shown to correlate with abnormal left ventricle function and increased LV filling pressures [16,19,23]. Furthermore, in ED patients with undifferentiated dyspnea, the presence of an S3 is highly specific for acute heart failure [19,22,42].
Acute Heart Failure Risk Stratification: Can We Define Low Risk?
2009, Heart Failure ClinicsCitation Excerpt :An S3 cardiac gallop is indicative of heart failure, and studies have demonstrated it has excellent specificity but poor sensitivity.47 Although the presence of an S3 gallop can be normal in adolescents and young adults, its detection in patients older than 40 years is considered abnormal.48–51 Further, it has been suggested that patients who have a detectable S3 gallop have an increased risk of hospitalization and death compared with patients without a detectable S3 gallop.52–54
The Combined Utility of an S3 Heart Sound and B-Type Natriuretic Peptide Levels in Emergency Department Patients With Dyspnea
2006, Journal of Cardiac FailureThe effect of treatment on the presence of abnormal heart sounds in emergency department patients with heart failure
2006, American Journal of Emergency MedicineCardiac evaluation
1992, Disease-a-Month