Original articleInhaled ceftazidime compared with gentamicin and carbenicillin in older patients with cystic fibrosis infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa
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Inhaled antibiotics beyond aminoglycosides, polymyxins and aztreonam: A systematic review
2015, International Journal of Antimicrobial AgentsCitation Excerpt :Two randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trials, published in the 1980s investigated the impact of an inhaled combination of carbenicillin and gentamicin [35,36] and inhaled ceftazidime in the management of chronic P. aeruginosa LRTI in patients with CF. In the study by Hodson et al. [35], a treatment course of 6 months with inhaled carbenicillin and gentamicin resulted in significantly higher mean peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) values compared with placebo (PEFR, 323 L/min vs. 283 L/min, P < 0.001; FEV1, 1566 mL vs. 1300 mL, P < 0.001; and FVC, 2656 mL vs. 2314 mL, P < 0.02). The benefit of this inhaled combination compared with placebo was reproduced by Stead et al. [36] in a treatment course of 4 months (PEFR, 297 L/min vs. 278 L/min, P < 0.05; FEV1, 1700 mL vs. 1480 mL, P < 0.001; and FVC, 2930 mL vs. 2700 mL; P < 0.05). In this same study, inhaled ceftazidime for a period of 4 months also achieved significantly higher mean PEFR and FEV1 values in comparison with placebo (PEFR, 299 L/min vs. 278 L/min, P < 0.02; and FEV1, 1700 mL vs. 1480 mL, P < 0.02) but the increase in mean FVC did not reach statistical significance (FVC, 2950 mL vs. 2700 mL; P > 0.05).
Antibiotics for treatment and prevention ofexacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
2013, Journal of InfectionCitation Excerpt :The concept of long-term antibiotic use comes from a number of other chronic respiratory tract conditions in which chronic bacterial infection occurs. The well-established indication for the long-term use of inhaled antibiotics is the prevention of exacerbations in cystic fibrosis patients,67–71 and more recently in non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis.72 Long-term macrolide therapy was first shown to be of significant benefit in a predominantly Japanese respiratory disease, diffuse pan-bronchiolitis.73
Aminoglycoside therapy against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in cystic fibrosis: A review
2009, Journal of Cystic FibrosisCitation Excerpt :Additionally, studies reported a reduction in the number of hospital admissions related to respiratory events [25,78,82,83] and reduced use of parenteral antibiotic treatment [14]. Reduction in P. aeruginosa density has been reported in several studies [13,14,19,74–79]. A clinical pharmacology study showed that peak sputum concentrations using tobramycin for nebulization were higher than the threshold for a significant antibacterial effect against P. aeruginosa (>400 µg/g) for two different tobramycin nebulizer formulations [79].
New Inhaled Antibiotics and Forms of Administration
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