Regular ArticleTranscriptional Regulation of Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase by 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-Dioxin
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Selection and validation of suitable reference genes for quantitative real time PCR analysis of gene expression studies in patchouli under Meloidogyne incognita attack and PGPR treatment
2020, Gene ReportsCitation Excerpt :This study also suggests us that the Pat18S gene is not suitable as reference gene and showed moderate stability across all the experimental conditions. The GAPDH gene encodes the key enzyme involved in the glycolysis, gluconeogenesis and cell prolifereation and commonly used as a reference gene in many studies (McNulty and Toscano, 1995; Plaxton, 1996). GAPDH gene was found to be an unpredictable reference gene in many cases where it showed as the most stable reference gene and in some other cases as least stable (Bustin, 2000; Huis et al., 2010; Tong et al., 2009).
Validating reference genes within a mouse model system of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) toxicity
2013, Chemico-Biological InteractionsCitation Excerpt :Similarly, although Gapdh is a commonly used reference gene and was stably expressed in rats treated with TCDD, it was only moderately stable within the mouse models. Additionally, Gapdh mRNA abundance increases 4-fold in response to TCDD in human keratinocytes [24]. The individual reference genes which proved to be the most stable were Hprt and Eef1a1; however, using certain combinations of two or more genes was more stable than any individual gene and the use of all seven candidate genes achieved the highest stability overall.
Proteomic analysis of MCF-7 cells treated with benzo[a]pyrene, dibenzo[a,l]pyrene, coal tar extract, and diesel exhaust extract
2008, ToxicologyCitation Excerpt :GAPDH has been implicated in DNA replication and repair, nuclear RNA export, membrane fusion, microtubule bundling, and phosphotransferase activity (Sirover, 1999). GAPDH transcription and activity has been found to be elevated in response to TCDD (McNulty and Toscano, 1995). Increased expression of glycolytic enzymes in tumors has recently been shown to be modulated by the transcription factors c-MYC and Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) (Semenza et al., 2001).
Effects of dimethyl sulfoxide and dexamethasone on mRNA expression of housekeeping genes in cultures of C2C12 myotubes
2008, Biochemical and Biophysical Research CommunicationsEffects of prototypical drug-metabolizing enzyme inducers on mRNA expression of housekeeping genes in primary cultures of human and rat hepatocytes
2006, Biochemical and Biophysical Research CommunicationsCitation Excerpt :ACTB and GAPDH are two housekeeping genes that are widely employed as internal controls. Although ACTB and GAPDH have been considered to be nonregulated proteins, recent studies have shown that the expression of ACTB and GAPDH genes may vary in different circumstances [17] such as hypoxia [14] or exposure to toxic compounds [16]. Recently, we also reported that GAPDH mRNA levels varied in the livers of rats that were fed under nutritionally different conditions [23].