Adjusted HR (95% CIs) for incident heart failure (HF) in relation to restrictive and obstructive lung patterns in men with no prior HF or myocardial infarction
| Normal N=1582 | Restrictive N=887 | Mild N=235 | Moderate/severe# N=488 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Incident HF | ||||
| Rate/1000 (n) | 4.6 (81) | 7.5 (67) | 5.1 (13) | 9.2 (43) |
| Age-adjusted | 1.00 | 1.59 (1.15 to 2.19) | 0.93 (0.52 to 1.68) | 1.86 (1.28 to 2.69) |
| Model 1 | 1.00 | 1.35 (0.97 to 1.88) | 1.00 (0.56 to 1.82) | 1.70 (1.16 to 2.50) |
| Model 2 | 1.00 | 1.32 (0.94 to 1.84) | 0.98 (0.54 to 1.77) | 1.67 (1.14 to 2.46) |
| Model 3 | 1.00 | 1.24 (0.89 to 1.73) | 0.92 (0.51 to 1.68) | 1.58 (1.07 to 2.33) |
| Model 4 | 1.00 | 1.19 (0.85 to 1.68) | 0.99 (0.55 to 1.79) | 1.66 (1.13 to 2.45) |
| Model 5 | 1.00 | 1.15 (0.82 to 1.62) | 0.93 (0.51 to 1.68) | 1.59 (1.08 to 2.33) |
Model 1=adjusted for age, smoking status, physical activity, heavy drinking, social class, body mass index, left ventricular hypertrophy, systolic blood pressure, use of antihypertensive drugs, diabetes, stroke and atrial fibrillation.
Model 2=model 1+ C-reactive protein.
Model 3=model 2+ N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP).
Model 4=model 2+ cardiac troponin T (cTnT).
Model 5=model 2+NT-proBNP+cTnT.
*Moderate and severe group were combined due to small numbers.