Characteristics, lung function and treatment of cohorts
| Healthy non-smoker (n=21) | Healthy smoker (n=14) | Stable COPD (n=64) | COPD with exacerbation (n=29) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 49.2 (9.24) | 54.4 (7.31) | 69.1 (8.56)* † | 74.7 (9.06)* † |
| Sex (male/female) | 13/8 | 6/8 | 33/31 | 18/11 |
| Height (cm) | 168.3 (7.80) | 165.8 (7.96) | 166.7 (8.32) | 167.4 (9.06) |
| Weight (kg) | 67.7 (17.6) | 66.6 (14.0) | 72.7 (14.2) | 70.8 (13.0) |
| BMI | 23.8 (5.10) | 24.2 (4.46) | 26.1 (4.41) | 25.2 (4.02) |
| Smoking (pack-years), median (IQR) | N/A | 23.0 (19.3–31.8) | 39.8 (27.5–55.0) | 37.4 (19.7–51.3) |
| GOLD stage (I/II/III/IV)) | N/A | N/A | 5/36/19/4 | 2/14/12/1 |
| MRC score (1–5) | N/A | N/A | 2.57 (0.98) | 3.46 (1.04)¶ |
| Baseline SPO2 (%) | 97.4 (1.51) | 97.2 (1.14) | 94.8 (2.26)* † | 94.8 (2.48)* † |
| SGRQ score | ||||
| Symptom score | 3.91 (6.22) | 25.8 (20.1)* | 58.6 (22.3)* † | N/D |
| Activity score | 1.97 (3.70) | 23.4 (22.3)* | 61.1 (24.9)* † | N/D |
| Impact score | 0.26 (1.00) | 4.91 (7.49) | 28.9 (16.9)* † | N/D |
| Total score | 1.30 (1.26) | 13.6 (12.9) | 43.3 (19.1)* † | N/D |
| 6 minute walk distance(m) | 594 (36.5) | 497 (64.0) | 414 (82.1)* † | N/D |
| FEV1 (%pred) | 99.8 (12.1) | 89.3 (11.4) | 55.6 (16.6)* † | 55.1 (17.4)* † |
| FVC (%pred) | 103.0 (11.2) | 98.3 (13.2) | 86.6 (20.2)* † | 89.3 (21.9)* † |
| FEV1 /FVC (%) | 82.0 (5.42) | 76.4 (5.16) | 52.4 (12.7)* † | 49.7 (9.30)* † |
| TLCO (%) | 88.0 (16.8) | 75.5 (15.9) | 62.4 (17.6)* | N/D |
| KCO (%) | 91.5 (12.2) | 82.3 (14.8) | 73.5 (20.1)* | N/D |
| WBC, median (IQR) | 5.60 (5.00–7.70) | 6.80 (5.50–8.65) | 7.10 (6.00–9.24) | 7.95 (6.87–9.63)* |
| Neutrophil, median (IQR) | 3.40 (2.80–4.10) | 4.10 (2.90–5.10) | 7.10 (6.00–9.24)* | 7.95 (6.87–9.63)* † ¶ |
| CRP, median (IQR) | 0.50 (0.50–1.00) | 2.00 (0.50–5.50) | 3.00 (2.00–10.0) | 13.5 (6.25–28.5)*† ¶ |
| Sputum macrophages (%), median (IQR) | 85.8 (64.7–87.8) | 45.8 (19.9–58.9)* | 30.6 (17.5–49.0)* | 18.7 (8.50–24.5)* † |
| Sputum neutrophils (%), median (IQR) | 12.3 (6.67–33.5) | 52.5 (37.9–79.2)* | 63.0 (43.4–79.0)* | 80.5 (72.8–91.3)* † |
| Sputum eosinophils (%), median (IQR) | 0.70 (0.22–1.00) | 0.68 (0.21–1.00) | 1.44 (0.50–2.52) | 0 (0–1.25) |
| Maintenance therapy | ||||
| SABA or SAMA, n (%) | N/A | N/A | 13 (20.3) | 7 (24.1) |
| LABA or LAMA, n (%) | N/A | N/A | 1 (1.6) | 0 (0) |
| ICS+(LABA or LAMA), n (%) | N/A | N/A | 16 (25) | 8 (27.6) |
| ICS+LABA+LAMA, n (%) | N/A | N/A | 34 (53.1) | 14 (48.3) |
Data are presented as mean (SD) unless otherwise indicated, *p<0.05 versus healthy non-smoker, †p<0.05 versus healthy smoker, ¶p<0.05 versus stable COPD.
BMI, body mass index; CRP, C-reactive protein; GOLD, Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease; ICS, inhaled corticosteroid; KCO, carbon monoxide transfer coefficient; LABA, long-acting β-agonist; LAMA, long-acting muscarinic antagonist; MRC, Medical Research Council; N/A, not applicable; N/D, not done; SABA, short-acting β2-agonist; SAMA, short-acting muscarinic antagonist; SGRQ, St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire; TLCO, transfer factor of the lung for carbon monoxide; WBC, white blood cell.