Meta-analysis results for all-age, all-cause mortality and cause-specific mortality by WHO region
| WHO region | All* (SC/MC) | Selected† (SC/MC) | RE (95% CI)‡ | I2 (%)§ |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| All Cause | ||||
| AMR A | 13/12 | 5/2 | 0.94 (0.73 to 1.16) | 93 |
| AMR B | 4/0 | 2/0 | 2.08 (1.60 to 2.56) | |
| EUR A | 12/1 | 9/1 | 1.23 (0.45 to 2.01) | |
| WPR A | 0/1 | 0/1 | 0.90 (−0.70 to 2.53) | |
| WPR B | 5/0 | 3/0 | 0.25 (0.06 to 0.44) | |
| Summary¶ | – | 4/4 | 1.04 (0.52 to 1.56) | |
| Cardiovascular | ||||
| AMR A | 10/3 | 6/1 | 0.84 (0.47 to 1.20) | 76 |
| AMR B | 3/0 | 2/0 | 0.13 (−0.71 to 0.98) | |
| EUR A | 6/1 | 6/1 | 2.26 (1.23 to 3.29) | |
| WPR B | 4/0 | 2/0 | 0.56 (0.31 to 0.81) | |
| Summary¶ | – | 4/2 | 0.84 (0.41 to 1.28) | |
| Respiratory | ||||
| AMR A | 4/5 | 4/1 | 1.39 (0.62 to 2.16) | 0 |
| AMR B | 3/0 | 2/0 | 0.88 (−1.88 to 3.71) | |
| EUR A | 7/0 | 7/0 | 3.81 (0.57 to 7.16) | |
| WPR B | 4/0 | 2/0 | 1.49 (0.04 to 2.96) | |
| Summary¶ | – | 4/1 | 1.51 (1.01 to 2.01) | |
*Numbers of single-city(SC)/multicity (MC) estimates available from all studies.
†Numbers of single-city(SC)/multicity (MC) estimates selected for meta-analysis (see estimate selection protocol in Methods section).
‡Random effects summary estimate (95% CI) per 10 μg/m3.
§I2 statistic for heterogeneity.
¶Estimate numbers for ‘Summary’ refers to the number of pooled (from single-city estimates) and multicity estimates used to calculate the overall summary estimate across WHO regions.
AMR, Region of the Americas; EUR, European Region; WPR/SEAR, South East Asian Region.