Host factors associated with 30-day mortality in patients with bacteraemic pneumococcal pneumonia
| No of patients (column %) | No of deaths (row %) | Crude OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR* (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | ||||
| ≥85 | 203 (12.9) | 52 (26.1) | 26.74 (8.20 to 87.12) | 29.43 (9.00 to 96.27) |
| 75–84 | 323 (20.4) | 40 (12.4) | 10.69 (3.27 to 35.02) | 11.30 (3.45 to 37.06) |
| 65–74 | 301 (19.1) | 25 (8.3) | 6.85 (2.04 to 22.99) | 7.10 (2.12 to 23.85) |
| 55–64 | 341 (21.6) | 20 (5.9) | 4.71 (1.38 to 16.05) | 4.84 (1.42 to 16.49) |
| 45–54 | 182 (11.5) | 6 (3.3) | 2.58 (0.64 to 10.46) | 2.59 (0.64 to 10.50) |
| <45 | 230 (14.6) | 3 (1.3) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) |
| ≥65 | 827 (52.3) | 118 (14.3) | 4.16 (2.73 to 6.32) | 4.29 (2.82 to 6.54) |
| <65 | 753 (47.7) | 29 (3.9) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) |
| Sex | ||||
| Men | 767 (48.5) | 78 (10.2) | 1.22 (0.87 to 1.72) | 1.55 (1.09 to 2.22) |
| Women | 813 (51.5) | 69 (8.5) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) |
| Smoking | ||||
| Yes | 337 (21.3) | 33 (9.8) | 1.46 (0.96 to 2.23) | 1.79 (1.02 to 3.14) |
| No | 909 (57.5) | 65 (7.2) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) |
| N/S | 334 (21.1) | 49 (14.7) | ||
| Alcohol abuse | ||||
| Yes | 113 (7.2) | 18 (15.9) | 2.39 (1.40 to 4.08) | 3.82 (1.85 to 7.85) |
| No | 1214 (76.8) | 93 (7.7) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) |
| N/S | 253 (16.0) | 36 (14.2) | ||
| Heart disease | ||||
| Yes | 438 (27.7) | 72 (16.4) | 3.00 (2.09 to 4.31) | 1.42 (0.93 to 2.17) |
| No | 1038 (65.7) | 59 (5.7) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) |
| N/S | 104 (6.6) | 16 (15.4) | ||
| Pulmonary disease | ||||
| Yes | 382 (24.2) | 40 (10.5) | 1.48 (0.99 to 2.20) | 0.96 (0.61 to 1.48) |
| No | 1086 (68.7) | 82 (7.6) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) |
| N/S | 112 (7.1) | 25 (22.3) | ||
| Liver disease | ||||
| Yes | 84 (5.3) | 15 (17.9) | 2.80 (1.54 to 5.08) | 2.25 (1.04 to 4.87) |
| No | 1369 (86.7) | 108 (7.9) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) |
| N/S | 127 (8.0) | 24 (18.9) | ||
| Severe† | 23 (1.5) | 8 (34.8) | 6.06 (2.58 to 14.25) | 5.15 (1.74 to 15.26) |
| Mild | 61 (3.9) | 7 (11.5) | 1.86 (0.85 to 4.07) | 1.70 (0.64 to 4.47) |
| No | 1369 (86.7) | 108 (7.9) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) |
| Renal disease | ||||
| Yes | 91 (5.8) | 18 (19.8) | 3.12 (1.83 to 5.30) | 1.84 (1.02 to 3.33) |
| No | 1372 (86.8) | 104 (7.6) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) |
| N/S | 117 (7.4) | 25 (21.4) | ||
| Diabetes | ||||
| Yes | 207 (13.1) | 22 (10.6) | 1.31 (0.81 to 2.12) | 0.98 (0.57 to 1.66) |
| No | 1282 (81.1) | 105 (8.2) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) |
| N/S | 91 (5.8) | 20 (22.0) | ||
| Blood malignancy | ||||
| Yes | 115 (7.3) | 5 (4.4) | 0.48 (0.20 to 1.17) | 0.47 (0.19 to 1.19) |
| No | 1325 (83.9) | 113 (8.5) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) |
| N/S | 140 (8.9) | 29 (20.7) | ||
| Solid tumour | ||||
| Yes | 114 (7.2) | 27 (23.7) | 3.84 (2.41 to 6.11) | 2.63 (1.53 to 4.50) |
| No | 1353 (85.6) | 97 (7.2) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) |
| N/S | 113 (7.2) | 23 (20.4) | ||
| Chronic autoimmune disease | ||||
| Yes | 119 (7.0) | 7 (6.4) | 0.72 (0.31 to 1.65) | 0.79 (0.32 to 1.96) |
| No | 1348 (85.3) | 118 (8.5) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) |
| N/S | 122 (7.7) | 22 (18.0) | ||
| Hypogammaglobulinaemia | ||||
| Yes | 18 (1.1) | 3 (16.7) | 1.72 (0.51 to 5.82) | 1.53 (0.41 to 5.76) |
| No | 1289 (81.6) | 104 (8.1) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) |
| N/S | 273 (17.3) | 40 (14.7) | ||
| Chronic immunosuppressive therapy | ||||
| Yes | 158 (10.0) | 17 (10.8) | 1.45 (0.85 to 2.48) | 1.12 (0.60 to 2.09) |
| No | 1306 (82.7) | 108 (8.3) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) |
| N/S | 116 (7.3) | 22 (19.0) | ||
| Splenectomy | ||||
| Yes | 11 (0.7) | 1 (9.1) | 1.60 (0.27 to 9.59) | 1.23 (0.19 to 7.89) |
| No | 1334 (84.4) | 107 (8.0) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) |
| N/S | 235 (14.9) | 39 (16.6) | ||
| Charlson Index‡ | ||||
| ≥4 | 74 (4.7) | 16 (21.6) | 6.03 (3.43 to 10.59) | 3.21 (1.75 to 5.90) |
| 3 | 85 (5.4) | 13 (15.3) | 3.45 (1.83 to 6.51) | 1.89 (0.96 to 3.72) |
| 2 | 205 (13.0) | 16 (7.8) | 1.91 (1.08 to 3.37) | 1.12 (0.62 to 2.03) |
| 1 | 313 (19.8) | 21 (6.7) | 1.49 (0.86–2.58) | 0.86 (0.48–1.54) |
| 0 | 562 (35.6) | 25 (4.5) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) |
| N/D | 341 (21.6) | 56 (16.4) | ||
*Adjusted ORs: to avoid adjustment for variables on the causal pathway between exposure and outcome, age was adjusted for gender; gender was adjusted for age; smoking was adjusted for age, sex and alcohol abuse; alcohol was adjusted for age, sex and smoking; each comorbidity was adjusted for age, sex, smoking, alcohol and other comorbidities associated with mortality at a p value of <0.1 in univariate analyses (ie, heart disease, pulmonary disease, liver disease, renal disease and solid tumour); and Charlson Index was adjusted for age, sex, smoking and alcohol.
†Liver disease was divided into mild and severe disease where cirrhosis, liver failure and primary liver malignancy were classified as severe disease.
‡Charlson Index based on heart disease, pulmonary disease, liver disease, renal disease, diabetes, blood malignancy, solid tumour and connective tissue disease. N/D since data on disease status were not specified for one or more of the abovementioned diseases.
N/D, not defined; N/S, not specified in questionnaire.