Univariate and multivariate association of demographic, clinical and temporal factors with extrathoracic tuberculosis for four main lineages (excluding West African-1 and 2)
| Variable | Extrathoracic TB only* (n=318) | Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR† (95% CI) | p Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Period | ||||
| 2003–2004 | 54/192 (28.1) | 1 | 1 | 0.53 |
| 2005–2006 | 114/280 (40.7) | 1.76 (1.18 to 2.60) | 1.39 (0.89 to 2.17) | |
| 2007–2008 | 100/269 (37.2) | 1.51 (1.01 to 2.26) | 1.21 (0.77 to 1.92) | |
| 2009–2010 | 50/134 (37.3) | 1.52 (0.95 to 2.44) | 1.16 (0.67 to 2.00) | |
| Age categories n (%) | ||||
| Under 16 | 9/27 (33.3) | 1 | 1 | 0.005 |
| 16–25 | 69/234 (29.5) | 0.84 (0.36 to 1.95) | 0.72 (0.29 to 1.80) | |
| 26–35 | 88/208 (42.3) | 1.47 (0.63 to 3.42) | 1.10 (0.43 to 2.82) | |
| 36–45 | 71/163 (43.6) | 1.54 (0.65 to 3.64) | 1.74 (0.66 to 4.59) | |
| 46–55 | 33/75 (44) | 1.57 (0.63 to 3.95) | 1.91 (0.64 to 5.65) | |
| Over 55 | 48/168 (28.6) | 0.80 (0.34 to 1.90) | 0.87 (0.32 to 2.42) | |
| Gender | ||||
| Men | 147/461 (31.9) | 1 | 1 | 0.016 |
| Women | 171/414 (41.3) | 1.50 (1.14 to 1.98) | 1.49 (1.08 to 2.06) | |
| Country of birth/time since entry | ||||
| UK born | 41/270 (15.2) | 1 | 1 | 0.0018 |
| Foreign born/<1 year | 5/20 (25) | 1.86 (0.64 to 5.40) | 0.74 (0.22 to 2.58) | |
| Foreign born/1–5 years | 130/278 (46.8) | 4.91 (3.26 to 7.37) | 2.26 (1.38 to 3.69) | |
| Foreign born/6–10 years | 42/75 (56) | 7.11 (4.04 to 12.5) | 3.08 (1.60 to 5.92) | |
| Foreign born/>10 years | 82/195 (42.1) | 4.05 (2.62 to 6.28) | 1.37 (0.75 to 2.51) | |
| Foreign born/time not known | 18/37 (48.6) | 5.29 (2.56 to 10.93) | 2.28 (1.00 to 5.22) | |
| Ethnicity | ||||
| White | 3/132 (2.3) | 1 | 1 | <0.0001 |
| Indian subcontinent | 206/466 (44.2) | 34.07 (10.69 to 108.59) | 21.14 (6.08 to 73.48) | |
| Afro-Caribbean | 88/222 (39.6) | 28.24 (8.71 to 91.52) | 14.05 (3.97 to 49.65) | |
| Oriental/other Asia | 4/20 (20) | 10.75 (2.20 to 52.43) | 4.56 (0.82 to 25.27) | |
| Other | 17/35 (48.6) | 40.61 (10.82 to 152.44) | 23.62 (5.68 to 98.17) | |
| Lineage | ||||
| East Asian | 48/100 (48) | 1 | 1 | 0.01 |
| Euro-American | 103/378 (27.2) | 0.41 (0.26 to 0.64) | 0.54 (0.32 to 0.91) | |
| East African Indian | 98/269 (36.4) | 0.62 (0.39 to 0.99) | 0.50 (0.29 to 0.86) | |
| Indo-Oceanic | 68/124 (54.8) | 1.32 (0.78 to 2.23) | 0.91 (0.51 to 1.63) | |
| Employment status | ||||
| Unemployed | 34/98 (34.7) | 1 | ||
| Retired | 12/54 (22.2) | 0.54 (0.25 to 1.16) | ||
| Employed/housewife | 140/324 (43.2) | 1.43 (0.89 to 2.29) | ||
| Student/child | 24/85 (28.2) | 0.74 (0.39 to 1.39) | ||
| HIV status | ||||
| Negative/unknown | 314/867 (36.2) | 1 | 1 | 0.88 |
| Positive | 4/8 (50.0) | 1.76 (0.44 to 7.09) | 0.9 (0.21 to 3.84) | |
| Previous TB | ||||
| No | 308/841 (36.6) | 1 | 1 | 0.79 |
| Yes | 10/34 (29.4) | 0.72 (0.34 to 1.53) | 0.89 (0.39 to 2.04) | |
| Drug sensitivity | ||||
| Fully sensitive | 288/800 (36.0) | 1 | 1 | 0.95 |
| Drug-resistant‡ | 16/41 (39.0) | 1.14 (0.60 to 2.17) | 1.02 (0.5 to 2.1) | |
*Comparison of extrathoracic TB cases only versus pulmonary TB only (concurrent pulmonary–extrapulmonary cases excluded); data for extrapulmonary TB and lymph node TB not shown but results are essentially the same as those shown in table 5 for extrathoracic TB disease.
†Model mutually adjusted for year of notification, age, gender, location of birth, time since arrival in the UK, ethnicity, TB lineage, HIV status, past history of TB and drug sensitivity; data analysed using logistic regression.
‡Drug-resistant category includes individuals with mono-resistant TB and multi-drug resistant.
TB, tuberculosis.