The association of baseline cod liver oil intake with cumulative incidence of asthma over 11-year follow-up period, the HUNT study, 1995–1997 to 2006–2008 (n=17 528)
| Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cod liver oil daily intake ≥1 month past year | No. | Cases | % | Crude OR (95% CI) | Model I* | Model II† | Model III‡ |
| Total (n=17528) | |||||||
| No | 14452 | 423 | 2.9 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | |
| Yes | 3076 | 135 | 4.4 | 1.52 (1.25 to 1.86) | 1.62 (1.32 to 1.98) | 1.45 (1.14 to 1.84) | |
| Each 1 month intake | 1.03 (1.01 to 1.06) | 1.04 (1.02 to 1.07) | 1.03 (1.00 to 1.05) | ||||
| Men (n=7742) | |||||||
| No | 6603 | 164 | 2.5 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | |
| Yes | 1139 | 42 | 3.7 | 1.50 (1.06 to 2.12) | 1.51 (1.06 to 2.15) | 1.43 (0.94 to 2.16) | |
| Each 1 month intake | 1.03 (0.99 to 1.07) | 1.03 (0.99 to 1.08) | 1.02 (0.98 to 1.07) | ||||
| Women (n=9786) | |||||||
| No | 7849 | 259 | 3.3 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| Yes | 1937 | 93 | 4.8 | 1.48 (1.16 to 1.88) | 1.68 (1.31 to 2.16) | 1.67 (1.29 to 2.15) | 1.47 (1.10 to 1.97) |
| Each 1 month intake | 1.03 (1.00 to 1.06) | 1.05 (1.02 to 1.08) | 1.04 (1.02 to 1.08) | 1.03 (1.00 to 1.06) | |||
*Model I adjusted for age, sex, daily smoking, physical activity, education, social benefit, economic difficulties, family history of asthma and body mass index.
†Model II adjusted for vitamin D supplementation in addition to the covariates in model I among women.
‡Model III adjusted for use of multivitamins in addition to the covariates in model I.
HUNT, Nord-Trøndelag Health Study.