Adverse events overall and most commonly occurring (≥2% in any treatment group)
| Study 1 | Study 2 | |||
| Indacaterol + tiotropium (n=570) | Tiotropium + placebo (n=561) | Indacaterol + tiotropium (n=572) | Tiotropium + placebo (n=570) | |
| Any adverse event (% of patients) | 45.4 | 41.2 | 43.0 | 40.2 |
| COPD worsening | 9.5 | 10.7 | 8.2 | 10.4 |
| Cough | 10.4 | 3.7 | 9.1 | 4.4 |
| Nasopharyngitis | 4.2 | 3.6 | 2.3 | 2.1 |
| Muscle spasms | 2.3 | 0 | 0.3 | 1.1 |
| Dyspnoea | 2.1 | 2.3 | 2.1 | 0.5 |
| Headache | 1.9 | 3.2 | 1.6 | 2.3 |
| Upper respiratory tract infection | 1.8 | 2.0 | 1.4 | 1.9 |
| Dry mouth | 1.6 | 1.6 | 2.1 | 0.5 |
COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.