Risk of COPD related to smoking and VGDF exposure
| Exposed cases | Exposed non-cases | Adjusted OR* (95% CI) | PAR% (95% CI) | |
| Any COPD, emphysema or chronic bronchitis, with or without concomitant asthma (216 cases) | ||||
| Exposure measure 1 | ||||
| VGDF exposure | 170 | 704 | 3.94 (2.68 to 5.78) | 58.7 (45.6 to 68.7) |
| 20 Pack years | 185 | 812 | 1.74 (1.54 to 1.96) | 44.7 (35.3 to 52.7) |
| Exposure measure 2 | ||||
| JEM exposure | ||||
| Not exposed | 1.0 | – | ||
| Intermediate | 74 | 462 | 1.45 (1.00 to 2.11) | 10.6 (−1.2 to 20.9) |
| High | 80 | 328 | 2.20 (1.45 to 3.35) | 20.2 (9.5 to 29.7) |
| 20 Pack years | 185 | 812 | 1.82 (1.61 to 2.05) | 46.2% (37.2 to 53.9) |
| Any COPD excluding chronic bronchitis alone (149 cases) | ||||
| Exposure measure 1 | ||||
| VGDF exposure | 118 | 756 | 3.66 (2.31 to 5.79) | 57.6 (40.5 to 69.7) |
| 20 Pack years | 133 | 864 | 1.90 (1.66 to 2.18) | 52.8 (42.2 to 61.4) |
| Exposure measure 2 | ||||
| JEM exposure | ||||
| Not exposed | 1.0 | – | ||
| Intermediate | 51 | 485 | 1.16 (0.75 to 1.81) | 4.7 (−11.1 to 18.3) |
| High | 51 | 357 | 1.55 (0.94 to 2.54) | 12.1 (−2.6 to 24.7) |
| 20 Pack years | 133 | 864 | 2.01 (1.75 to 2.30) | 54.2 (44.1 to 62.4) |
A total of 1754 people are included in the analysis shown, with complete VGDF, smoking and JEM code data.
↵* All ORs adjusted for age and sex. Occupational exposure-associated ORs (VGDF or JEM) adjusted for pack years of smoking. Pack years of smoking associated (continuous variable) OR adjusted for occupational exposure (VGDF or JEM) and presented per 20 pack years of exposure.
COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; JEM, job exposure matrix (944 participants classified as intermediate or high exposure); PAR, population attributable risk; VGDF, vapours, gases, dusts or fumes (874 participants exposed).