Characteristics of men with visceral obesity at baseline and after 1 year on the lifestyle intervention programme
| Baseline (n=77) | 1 year (n=66) | 1-year change (n=66) | p Value | |
| Age (years) | 49.3 (8.1) | 51.0 (7.4) | +1.1 (+1.1 to +1.1) | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 30.6 (3.1) | 28.7 (3.3) | −2.3 (−2.6 to −1.9) | p<0.001 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 107.8 (8.8) | 99.7 (10.1) | −8.6 (−9.9 to −7.4) | p<0.001 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 123 (11) | 118 (9) | −5 (−7 to −3) | p=0.001 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 82 (7) | 76 (7) | −6 (−7 to −4) | p<0.001 |
| Heart rate (beats/min) | 69 (8) | 62 (8) | −7 (−9 to −4) | p<0.001 |
| CT: L4–L5 area of adipose tissue | ||||
| SAT (cm2) | 299 (96) | 241 (89) | −58 (−68 to −48) | p<0.001 |
| VAT (cm2) | 260 (76) | 191 (85) | −76 (−88 to −63) | p<0.001 |
| DEXA body composition | ||||
| Fat-free mass (kg) | 64 (7) | 64 (6) | −1 (−1 to −0) | p=0.002 |
| Fat mass (kg) | 29 (7) | 23 (8) | −6 (−7 to −5) | p<0.001 |
| Submaximal treadmill exercise | ||||
| Heart rate—3.5 mph; 2% (beats/min) | 116 (13) | 104 (12) | −13 (−15 to −10) | p<0.001 |
| Exercise output at 150 beats/min (METs) | 7.6 (1.4) | 8.9 (1.4) | +1.4 (1.0 to 1.7) | p<0.001 |
| Sleep characteristics | n=77 | n=47 | n=47 | |
| Epworth score | 9 (5) | 7 (4) | −1 (−1 to +0) | p=0.042 |
| Mean SpO2 (%) | 94 (2) | 95 (2) | +1 (+0 to +1) | p<0.001 |
| Minimum SpO2 (%) | 84 (6) | 82 (8) | −1 (−2 to +1) | p=0.311 |
| Time spent under 90% SpO2 (% TRT) | 0.4 (0.2–2.4) | 0.5 (0.1–3.1) | −0.9 (−2.2 to 0.5) | p=0.217 |
| ODI (events/h) | 7.5 (4.4–13.7) | 5.8 (3.8–13.7) | −2.7 (−6.6 to 1.1) | p=0.025 |
| RDI (events/h) | 17.2 (12.0–27.3) | 8.0 (4.7–11.4) | −11.3 (−17.2 to −2.3) | p<0.001 |
| Total recording time (min) | 437 (88) | 414 (105) | −18 (−47 to 10) | p=0.128 |
Data are presented as mean (SD) for baseline and 1-year values or median (IQR) for non-normally distributed values. Data are presented as mean (95% CI) for 1-year change. P values report results of analysis of variance repeated measures.
BMI, body mass index; DEXA, dual-emission X-ray absorptiometry; METs, metabolic equivalents of task; ODI, oxygen desaturation index; RDI, respiratory disturbance index; SAT, subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue; SpO2, oxygen saturation; TRT, total recording time; VAT, visceral adipose tissue.