Description of male construction workers included in the analysis according to exposure category
| Exposure | Subjects (n)* | Person- years (n)† | S (%) | XS (%) | NS (%) | US (%) | Year of birth‡ |
| Referents | 79 305 | 1 707 520 | 35.9 | 13.0 | 45.4 | 5.7 | 1949±16 |
| Inorganic dust | 155 194 | 3 414 878 | 41.4 | 14.7 | 37.5 | 6.5 | 1944±17 |
| Chemicals | 52 434 | 1 092 693 | 38.6 | 13.2 | 42.7 | 5.4 | 1947±18 |
| Metal fumes | 30 427 | 673 738 | 42.3 | 15.1 | 36.3 | 6.3 | 1946±15 |
| Wood dust | 21 479 | 450 493 | 35.0 | 13.4 | 45.8 | 5.7 | 1946±18 |
| Any exposure | 183 194 | 4 015 838 | 40.8 | 14.5 | 38.3 | 6.4 | 1944±17 |
* The exposed groups are to some extent overlapping.
† Age groups 20–84 years.
‡ Mean±SD.
NS, never smokers; S, current smokers; US, persons with unknown smoking habits; XS, ex-smokers.