Immediate complications |
Bleeding | 11 (1.3%) | 3 (1.3%) | 8 (1.4%) |
Pain | 34 (4.1%) | 17 (7.1%) | 17 (2.9%) |
Vasovagal syncope | 17 (2.1%) | 5 (2.1%) | 12 (2.0%) |
Organ puncture | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Failure to place drain in pleural space | 20 (2.4%) | 9 (3.8%) | 11 (1.8%) |
Iatrogenic pneumothorax | NA | NA | 22 (3.7%) |
Death | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Delayed complications |
Drain fell out | 60 (7.3%) | 19 (8%) | 41 (7%) |
Pain | 148 (18%) | 59 (25%) | 89 (9.7%) |
Drain blocked | 61 (7.4%) | 11 (4.6%) | 50 (8.5%) |
Pleural space infection | 6 (0.73%) | 3 (1.3%) | 3 (0.51%) |
Skin infection | 7 (0.8%) | 2 (0.8%) | 5 (0.9%) |
Surgical emphysema | 28 (3.4%) | 24 (10%) | 4 (0.7%) |
Re-expansion pulmonary oedema | 3 (0.36%) | 0 | 3 (0.4%) |
Death | 1 (0.12%) | 1 (0.4%) | 0 |