Patient demographics and baseline characteristics
| Total | |
| N=153 | |
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 61.7 (8.50) |
| Male, n (%) | 94 (61.4) |
| Duration of COPD (years), mean (SD) | 7.9 (5.66) |
| Smoking history, n (%) | |
| Ex-smokers | 79 (51.6) |
| Current smoker | 74 (48.4) |
| Estimated number of pack-years, mean (SD) | 52.4 (32.83) |
| Previous use of COPD medications | |
| Long-acting anticholinergics (tiotropium) | 56 (36.6) |
| Long-acting β2-agonists | 37 (24.2) |
| Pre-bronchodilator FEV1 (l), mean (SD) | 1.3 (0.46) |
| Post-bronchodilator FEV1* (l), mean (SD) | 1.5 (0.49) |
| Pre-bronchodilator FEV1 % predicted, mean (SD) | 45.3 (12.26) |
| Post-bronchodilator FEV1* % predicted, mean (SD) | 52.2 (11.97) |
| FEV1 reversibility (%), mean (SD) | 17.2 (14.17) |
| Post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC* (%), mean (SD) | 47.6 (10.02) |
↵* Measured following salbutamol 400 μg.
COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1 s; FVC, forced vital capacity.