Hormone therapy and asthma onset among postmenopausal women, E3N cohort study
| Cases | Person- years | Multivariate-adjusted* HR (95% CI) | |
| Never use | 186 | 177 029 | 1 |
| Use† | 383 | 318 419 | 1.21 (1.00 to 1.46) |
| Recency‡ | |||
| Recent | 283 | 276 506 | 1.20 (0.98 to 1.46) |
| Past | 73 | 22 294 | 1.16 (0.86 to 1.57) |
| Duration‡ | |||
| <2 years | 236 | 104 607 | 1.25 (1.02 to 1.53) |
| ≥2 years | 120 | 194 193 | 1.09 (0.85 to 1.38) |
| Type of treatment‡ | |||
| Oestrogen alone | 55 | 33 426 | 1.54 (1.13 to 2.09) |
| Oestrogen/progesterone | 67 | 58 978 | 1.13 (0.85 to 1.51) |
| Owstrogen/norpregnane derivate | 52 | 54 616 | 1.01 (0.74 to 1.38) |
| Oestrogen/pregnane derivative§ | 103 | 89 663 | 1.13 (0.88 to 1.46) |
| Oestrogen/testosterone derivative | 20 | 14 882 | 1.36 (0.86 to 2.15) |
| Other | 59 | 47 235 | 1.22 (0.90 to 1.66) |
| Oestrogen route¶,‡ | |||
| Oral | 88 | 65 476 | 1.26 (0.97 to 1.65) |
| Transdermal | 209 | 187 794 | 1.15 (0.93 to 1.41) |
↵* Adjusted for tobacco use (never smoker/current smoker/past smoker/missing information), body mass index (kg/m2), ever use of oral contraceptive (yes/no), parity (nulliparous/≤2 full-term pregnancies/>2 full-term pregnancies/no information), total caloric intake (kcal/day), type of menopause (natural/surgical/unknown), further stratified by year of birth ((1925–1929)/(1930–1934)/(1935–1939)/(1940–1944)/(1945–1950)).
↵† Women whose age of start of menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) is missing are excluded.
↵‡ Women without any information other than age of start of MHT are excluded.
↵§ As part of pregnane derivatives, dydrogeterone users (HR 1.06, 95% CI 0.75 to 1.48) accounted for 41 795 person-years and 43 cases of asthma. Tibolone, weak oestrogen (unopposed or not), oestrogen/testosterone, progestin only and unknown MHT.
↵¶ Combined or not with a progestagen. p Value for heterogeneity 0.45. Nasal oestrogen, weak oestrogen, other hormone therapy (HT) and unknown HT not shown.